Age- and sex-specific effects of maternal separation on the acoustic startle reflex in rats: early baseline enhancement in females and blunted response to ambiguous threat.
Age- and sex-specific effects of maternal separation on the acoustic startle reflex in rats: early baseline enhancement in females and blunted response to ambiguous threat.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1023513
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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早期生活逆境（ELA）增加了晚年焦虑症的发病率。威胁处理失调，包括对模糊威胁的反应，是焦虑症的一个指标，并可能受到童年经历的影响。声惊吓反应是哺乳动物在受到突然强烈刺激时表现出的一种防御性反应，反映了个体警觉性的差异。这些措施可以改变以往的经验和实验修改，包括引入无条件的厌恶刺激。大鼠在消极环境中发出22 KHz范围内的超声波发声（USVs）。因此，22 KHz USV是环境威胁的行为学相关的社会线索，显示出在受体大鼠中诱导焦虑样行为。由于早期生活逆境后症状表现的时间可能因性别而异，因此本研究试图确定每日母体分离（MS）对大鼠对模糊威胁的反应性的年龄和性别特异性影响。在实验1中，大鼠幼崽从出生后第2-20天（P）进行MS或对照饲养，然后在P24、34或54开始进行行为测试，以确定MS是否改变了基线惊吓反应或22 KHz USV对惊吓的调节。在实验2中，大鼠进行了测试，在P54后MS或控制饲养的光增强惊吓范式，以确定MS是否影响光增强惊吓。结果显示，在P34时，MS增强了女性的基线惊吓幅度。在P54，MS减少了22 KHz USVs对惊吓反应的调节，并阻止了光增强的惊吓，表明MS诱导的防御反应缺陷，当暴露于潜在的威胁时。
Early life adversity (ELA) increases the incidence of later-life anxiety disorders. Dysregulated threat processing, including responsivity to ambiguous threats, is an indicator of anxiety disorders and can be influenced by childhood experiences. The acoustic startle response is a defensive reflex displayed by mammals when exposed to sudden intense stimuli reflecting individual variations in vigilance. These measures can be altered by previous experience and experimental modifications, including the introduction of unconditioned aversive stimuli. Rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in the 22 KHz range in negative contexts. As such, 22 KHz USVs are an ethologically relevant social cue of environmental threat shown to induce anxiety-like behavior in recipient rats. Because the timing of symptom manifestation after early life adversity can differ between sexes, the current study sought to identify the age- and sex-specific effects of daily maternal separation (MS) on responsivity to ambiguous threat in rats. In Experiment 1, rat pups underwent MS or control rearing from postnatal day (P) 2–20, then underwent behavioral testing beginning on P24, 34, or 54 to determine whether MS modified the baseline startle response or the modulation of startle by 22 KHz USVs. In Experiment 2, rats were tested in a light-enhanced startle paradigm at P54 after MS or control rearing to determine whether MS influenced light-enhanced startle. Results show an enhancement of the baseline startle magnitude by MS in females at P34. At P54, MS reduced the modulation of the startle response by 22 KHz USVs and prevented light-enhanced startle, indicating an MS-induced deficit in defensive responsivity when exposed to potential threat.
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DOI：
10.1038/npp.2009.109
发表时间：
2010-01
期刊：
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
影响因子：
--
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1997-11-29
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Lee, Y
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Hariri, AR;Tessitore, A;Weinberger, DR
通讯作者：
Weinberger, DR