Challenges and prospects in genome‐wide quantitative trait loci mapping of standing genetic variation in natural populations

Challenges and prospects in genome‐wide quantitative trait loci mapping of standing genetic variation in natural populations
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自然群体中常备遗传变异的全基因组数量性状位点作图的挑战和前景

DOI:
10.1111/nyas.12397
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Schielzeth
Schielzeth
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Schielzeth

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进化遗传学的一个相当大的挑战是了解促进或阻碍自然种群进化适应的遗传机制。为此,我们必须了解导致性状变异的遗传位点以及作用于它们的选择力。获得大量个体基因型数据的成本降低和可行性增加,极大地促进了自然种群的基因定位,特别是因为历史上难以研究的遗传生物现在已经触手可及。在这里,我们回顾了进化生态学家对解剖自然种群特征的遗传基础感兴趣的方法。我们的重点是在近亲繁殖的种群中存在遗传变异。我们概述了该领域的研究现状,包括植物和动物的研究。我们还提请注意与数量性状位点发现相关的特殊挑战,并讨论与作物、牲畜和人类研究的相似之处。最后,我们指出了基因作图研究的一些可能的未来发展。
A considerable challenge in evolutionary genetics is to understand the genetic mechanisms that facilitate or impede evolutionary adaptation in natural populations. For this, we must understand the genetic loci contributing to trait variation and the selective forces acting on them. The decreased costs and increased feasibility of obtaining genotypic data on a large number of individuals have greatly facilitated gene mapping in natural populations, particularly because organisms whose genetics have been historically difficult to study are now within reach. Here we review the methods available to evolutionary ecologists interested in dissecting the genetic basis of traits in natural populations. Our focus lies on standing genetic variation in outbred populations. We present an overview of the current state of research in the field, covering studies on both plants and animals. We also draw attention to particular challenges associated with the discovery of quantitative trait loci and discuss parallels to studies on crops, livestock, and humans. Finally, we point to some likely future developments in genetic mapping studies.
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