Genome-wide analysis of the sox family in the calcareous sponge Sycon ciliatum: multiple genes with unique expression patterns.
Genome-wide analysis of the sox family in the calcareous sponge Sycon ciliatum: multiple genes with unique expression patterns.
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DOI：
10.1186/2041-9139-3-14
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发表时间：
2012-07-23
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Adamska M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fortunato S;Adamski M;Bergum B;Guder C;Jordal S;Leininger S;Zwafink C;Rapp HT;Adamska M
Sox基因是一类含有HMG结构域的转录因子，在动物的发育过程中发挥重要作用，其中许多基因在真后生动物中具有保守的功能。海绵动物的Sox基因比真后生动物少，但它们的作用仍不清楚。本研究的目的是通过鉴定和分析Sox基因在钙质海绵Sycon ciliatum中的表达，以了解Sox基因家族的早期进化历史。通过搜索最近生成的基因组和转录组序列资源检索Calcaronean Sox相关序列，并使用各种系统发育方法和保守基序的鉴定进行分析。通过整体原位杂交研究表达。我们在纤毛虫的全基因组中鉴定了7个Sox基因和4个Sox相关基因。系统发育和保守基序分析表明，Sycon Sox基因的五个代表组B，C，E，和F存在于刺胞动物和bilaterians。另外两个基因被归类为Sox基因，但不能分配到特定的亚家族，和四个基因更类似于Sox基因比其他含HMG的基因。因此，在这个代表性的钙质海绵比demosongon Amphimedon queenslandica的Sox基因的剧目是更大的。目前尚不清楚这是由于Sycon基因家族的扩张还是双齿龙基因组的二次减少。Sycon Sox基因的原位杂交揭示了多种表达模式在胚胎发育过程中，并在特定的细胞类型的成年海绵。在这项研究中，我们描述了一个大家庭的Sox基因在Sycon纤毛动态表达模式，表明Sox基因的调节器在海绵的发展和细胞类型的决定，在高等动物中观察到的。所揭示的demosponge和calcisponge Sox基因库之间的差异突出了需要利用代表不同的海绵谱系的模型来描述海绵的发展，破译后生动物发育机制的进化的先决条件。
Sox genes are HMG-domain containing transcription factors with important roles in developmental processes in animals; many of them appear to have conserved functions among eumetazoans. Demosponges have fewer Sox genes than eumetazoans, but their roles remain unclear. The aim of this study is to gain insight into the early evolutionary history of the Sox gene family by identification and expression analysis of Sox genes in the calcareous sponge Sycon ciliatum. Calcaronean Sox related sequences were retrieved by searching recently generated genomic and transcriptome sequence resources and analyzed using variety of phylogenetic methods and identification of conserved motifs. Expression was studied by whole mount in situ hybridization. We have identified seven Sox genes and four Sox-related genes in the complete genome of Sycon ciliatum. Phylogenetic and conserved motif analyses showed that five of Sycon Sox genes represent groups B, C, E, and F present in cnidarians and bilaterians. Two additional genes are classified as Sox genes but cannot be assigned to specific subfamilies, and four genes are more similar to Sox genes than to other HMG-containing genes. Thus, the repertoire of Sox genes is larger in this representative of calcareous sponges than in the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica. It remains unclear whether this is due to the expansion of the gene family in Sycon or a secondary reduction in the Amphimedon genome. In situ hybridization of Sycon Sox genes revealed a variety of expression patterns during embryogenesis and in specific cell types of adult sponges. In this study, we describe a large family of Sox genes in Sycon ciliatum with dynamic expression patterns, indicating that Sox genes are regulators in development and cell type determination in sponges, as observed in higher animals. The revealed differences between demosponge and calcisponge Sox genes repertoire highlight the need to utilize models representing different sponge lineages to describe sponge development, a prerequisite for deciphering evolution of metazoan developmental mechanisms.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Jager M;Quéinnec E;Le Guyader H;Manuel M
通讯作者：
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