Prevalence of algal toxins in Alaskan marine mammals foraging in a changing arctic and subarctic environment.
Prevalence of algal toxins in Alaskan marine mammals foraging in a changing arctic and subarctic environment.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.hal.2016.01.007
复制
发表时间：
2016-05
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Gill V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lefebvre KA;Quakenbush L;Frame E;Huntington KB;Sheffield G;Stimmelmayr R;Bryan A;Kendrick P;Ziel H;Goldstein T;Snyder JA;Gelatt T;Gulland F;Dickerson B;Gill V
目前的气候趋势导致海冰迅速减少和水温上升，可能会扩大北方的地理范围和有害藻华（HAB）的有利条件的持续时间，使藻类毒素在阿拉斯加海洋食物网中日益受到关注。沿着北美西海岸的两种最常见的赤潮毒素是神经毒素软骨藻酸（DA）和石房蛤毒素（STX）。在过去的20年中，DA中毒已导致美国西海岸沿着的海洋哺乳动物发生严重疾病和死亡，但尚未报道其影响阿拉斯加沃茨的海洋哺乳动物觅食。石房蛤毒素是最强的麻痹性贝类毒素，几十年来在阿留申群岛和阿拉斯加湾的贝类中有很好的记录，并与人类因食用有毒蛤蜊而患病和死亡有关。关于阿拉斯加海洋哺乳动物接触的信息很少。在这里，记录的DA和STX暴露在阿拉斯加海洋哺乳动物的空间格局和患病率，以评估健康风险的北方人口，包括那些物种是重要的阿拉斯加沿海社区的营养，文化和经济福祉。在这项研究中，905海洋哺乳动物的13个物种，包括：座头鲸，弓头鲸，白鲸，港鼠海豚，北方海狗，斯特勒海狮，港海豹，环斑海豹，须海豹，斑海豹，带状海豹，太平洋海象，和北方海獭。软骨藻酸在所有13个物种中检测到，在弓头鲸（68%）和港海豹（67%）中的患病率最高。在13种物种中的10种中检测到石房蛤毒素，其中座头鲸（50%）和露脊鲸（32%）的患病率最高。太平洋海象的STX和DA浓度最高，DA浓度与在美国加州中部海岸外表现出DA中毒（癫痫发作）临床体征的加州海狮中检测到的浓度相似。46个海洋哺乳动物个体中含有可检测浓度的两种毒素，这强调了两者合并接触的潜在风险。此外，胎儿从白鲸，港鼠海豚和斯特勒海狮含有可检测浓度的DA记录在这些物种的母体毒素转移。这些结果提供了证据，表明有害藻华毒素存在于整个阿拉斯加沃茨，其水平高到足以在顶级捕食者中检测到，并有可能影响北极海洋环境中海洋哺乳动物的健康。
Current climate trends resulting in rapid declines in sea ice and increasing water temperatures are likely to expand the northern geographic range and duration of favorable conditions for harmful algal blooms (HABs), making algal toxins a growing concern in Alaskan marine food webs. Two of the most common HAB toxins along the west coast of North America are the neurotoxins domoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX). Over the last 20 years, DA toxicosis has caused significant illness and mortality in marine mammals along the west coast of the USA, but has not been reported to impact marine mammals foraging in Alaskan waters. Saxitoxin, the most potent of the paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, has been well-documented in shellfish in the Aleutians and Gulf of Alaska for decades and associated with human illnesses and deaths due to consumption of toxic clams. There is little information regarding exposure of Alaskan marine mammals. Here, the spatial patterns and prevalence of DA and STX exposure in Alaskan marine mammals are documented in order to assess health risks to northern populations including those species that are important to the nutritional, cultural, and economic well-being of Alaskan coastal communities. In this study, 905 marine mammals from 13 species were sampled including; humpback whales, bowhead whales, beluga whales, harbor porpoises, Northern fur seals, Steller sea lions, harbor seals, ringed seals, bearded seals, spotted seals, ribbon seals, Pacific walruses, and northern sea otters. Domoic acid was detected in all 13 species examined and had the greatest prevalence in bowhead whales (68%) and harbor seals (67%). Saxitoxin was detected in 10 of the 13 species, with the highest prevalence in humpback whales (50%) and bowhead whales (32%). Pacific walruses contained the highest concentrations of both STX and DA, with DA concentrations similar to those detected in California sea lions exhibiting clinical signs of DA toxicosis (seizures) off the coast of Central California, USA. Forty-six individual marine mammals contained detectable concentrations of both toxins emphasizing the potential for combined exposure risks. Additionally, fetuses from a beluga whale, a harbor porpoise and a Steller sea lion contained detectable concentrations of DA documenting maternal toxin transfer in these species. These results provide evidence that HAB toxins are present throughout Alaska waters at levels high enough to be detected in top predators and have the potential to impact marine mammal health in the Arctic marine environment.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Deeds JR;Landsberg JH;Etheridge SM;Pitcher GC;Longan SW
通讯作者：
Longan SW
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Bargu, Sibel;Silver, Mary;Gulland, Frances
通讯作者：
Gulland, Frances
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Baker, Jason D.
通讯作者：
Baker, Jason D.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Costas, E;Lopez-Rodas, V
通讯作者：
Lopez-Rodas, V
影响因子：
5
作者：
Burek, Kathy A.;Gulland, Frances M. D.;O'Hara, Todd M.
通讯作者：
O'Hara, Todd M.