Hypothalamic detection of macronutrients via multiple gut-brain pathways.

Hypothalamic detection of macronutrients via multiple gut-brain pathways.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.018
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发表时间:
2021-03-02
期刊:
影响因子:
29
通讯作者:
Alhadeff AL
Alhadeff AL
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Goldstein N;McKnight AD;Carty JRE;Arnold M;Betley JN;Alhadeff AL

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Food intake is tightly regulated by complex and coordinated gut-brain interactions. Nutrients rapidly modulate activity in key populations of hypothalamic neurons that regulate food intake, including hunger-sensitive agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons. Because individual macronutrients engage specific receptors in the gut to communicate with the brain, we reasoned that macronutrients may utilize different pathways to reduce activity in AgRP neurons. Here, we revealed that AgRP neuron activity in hungry mice is inhibited by site-specific intestinal detection of different macronutrients. We showed that vagal gut-brain signaling is required for AgRP neuron inhibition by fat. In contrast, spinal gut-brain signaling relays the presence of intestinal glucose. Further, we identified glucose sensors in the intestine and hepatic portal vein that mediate glucose-dependent AgRP neuron inhibition. Therefore, distinct pathways are activated by individual macronutrients to inhibit AgRP neuron activity. Macronutrients in food change hunger levels by influencing neural activity in the brain. Goldstein et al. show that fat and sugar engage distinct gut-brain pathways – using vagal and spinal/hepatic portal signaling, respectively – to reduce activity in hypothalamic hunger neurons.
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