Spatial Optimization of Future Urban Development with Regards to Climate Risk and Sustainability Objectives.

Spatial Optimization of Future Urban Development with Regards to Climate Risk and Sustainability Objectives.
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DOI:
10.1111/risa.12777
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发表时间:
2017-11
期刊:
Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Dawson R
Dawson R
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Caparros-Midwood D;Barr S;Dawson R

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城市的未来发展需要管理不断增长的人口、气候相关风险以及减少温室气体排放等可持续发展目标。因此,规划者面临着多维空间优化的挑战,以平衡潜在的权衡并最大化风险与其他目标之间的协同作用。为了解决这个问题,开发了一个空间优化框架。它使用空间实现的遗传算法生成一组帕累托最优结果,为规划者提供针对六个风险和可持续性目标的最佳权衡空间计划:(i) 最大限度地减少高温风险,(ii) 最大限度地减少洪水风险,(iii) 最大限度地减少交通运输成本,以最大限度地减少相关排放,(iv) 最大限度地提高棕地开发,(v) 最大限度地减少城市扩张,以及 (vi) 防止绿地开发。该框架适用于大伦敦(英国),并显示可以生成针对特定目标的最佳空间开发策略,并且与现有的开发策略显着不同。此外,分析揭示了不同风险之间以及风险与可持续性目标之间的权衡。虽然高温或洪水风险的增加是可以避免的,但没有任何策略可以不增加其中至少一项风险。风险与其他可持续发展目标之间的权衡可能更加严格,例如,只有允许未来发展大幅扩张,才能最大限度地降低高温风险。结果强调了空间结构在调节风险和其他可持续发展目标中的重要性。然而,并非所有规划目标都适合量化优化,因此结果应成为证据基础的一部分,以改善未来城市发展中风险和可持续性管理的实施。
Future development in cities needs to manage increasing populations, climate‐related risks, and sustainable development objectives such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Planners therefore face a challenge of multidimensional, spatial optimization in order to balance potential tradeoffs and maximize synergies between risks and other objectives. To address this, a spatial optimization framework has been developed. This uses a spatially implemented genetic algorithm to generate a set of Pareto‐optimal results that provide planners with the best set of trade‐off spatial plans for six risk and sustainability objectives: (i) minimize heat risks, (ii) minimize flooding risks, (iii) minimize transport travel costs to minimize associated emissions, (iv) maximize brownfield development, (v) minimize urban sprawl, and (vi) prevent development of greenspace. The framework is applied to Greater London (U.K.) and shown to generate spatial development strategies that are optimal for specific objectives and differ significantly from the existing development strategies. In addition, the analysis reveals tradeoffs between different risks as well as between risk and sustainability objectives. While increases in heat or flood risk can be avoided, there are no strategies that do not increase at least one of these. Tradeoffs between risk and other sustainability objectives can be more severe, for example, minimizing heat risk is only possible if future development is allowed to sprawl significantly. The results highlight the importance of spatial structure in modulating risks and other sustainability objectives. However, not all planning objectives are suited to quantified optimization and so the results should form part of an evidence base to improve the delivery of risk and sustainability management in future urban development.
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