GDSL lipases modulate immunity through lipid homeostasis in rice.
GDSL lipases modulate immunity through lipid homeostasis in rice.
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GDSL 脂肪酶通过水稻中的脂质稳态调节免疫力。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1006724
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
He Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao M;Yin X;Yang W;Lam SM;Tong X;Liu J;Wang X;Li Q;Shui G;He Z
脂类及其代谢产物在植物-微生物相互作用中起着重要作用。尽管脂肪酶在脂质稳态和种子油生物合成中的广泛研究，但脂肪酶在植物免疫中的参与在很大程度上仍然未知。特别地，以保守的GDSL基序为特征的GDSL酯酶/脂肪酶是具有广泛底物特异性的脂解酶的亚家族。在这里，我们功能上确定了两个GDSL脂肪酶，OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2，在水稻免疫反应。OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2的表达受到病原菌感染和水杨酸（SA）处理的抑制。OsGLIP 1主要在叶片和叶鞘中表达，而OsGLIP 2在伸长的节间中高表达。生化分析表明OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2是具有水解脂类底物功能的脂肪酶。OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2的同时下调增加了植物对细菌和真菌病原体的抗性，而OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2过表达植物的抗病性显著受损，表明这两个基因作为抗病性的负调控因子。OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2蛋白主要定位于脂滴和内质网（ER）膜。OsGLIP蛋白的正确细胞定位对于其在免疫中的功能是必不可少的。综合脂质谱分析表明，OsGLIP基因表达的改变与单半乳糖基二酰甘油（MGDG）和双半乳糖基二酰甘油（DGDG）等脂质种类的显著变化有关。我们发现，MGDG和DGDG喂养可以削弱抗病性。综上所述，我们的研究表明OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2通过调节脂质代谢负调控水稻防御，从而为脂质在植物免疫中的功能提供了新的见解。脂肪酶是赋予脂质代谢的酶的大家族。脂类及其代谢产物在植物生长和对环境刺激的响应中起着不同的作用。越来越多的证据表明脂质是介导植物免疫的信号分子。因此，脂肪酶被认为是积极参与植物防御反应。基于基因表达谱分析，我们已经确定了两个功能的GDSL脂肪酶，编码的OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2，其表达被抑制的病原体感染的模式谷类水稻。OsGLIP 1和OsGLIP 2蛋白定位于脂滴和内质网（ER）膜，并且它们可能在组织和发育阶段以差异但互补的表达模式协调脂质代谢。因此，OsGLIP基因表达的改变与脂质丰度和植物抗病性的实质性变化相关。我们的工作确定和表征了两种脂肪酶，它们作为植物免疫反应的负调节剂，加强了对植物-微生物相互作用中脂质代谢的理解。
Lipids and lipid metabolites play important roles in plant-microbe interactions. Despite the extensive studies of lipases in lipid homeostasis and seed oil biosynthesis, the involvement of lipases in plant immunity remains largely unknown. In particular, GDSL esterases/lipases, characterized by the conserved GDSL motif, are a subfamily of lipolytic enzymes with broad substrate specificity. Here, we functionally identified two GDSL lipases, OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2, in rice immune responses. Expression of OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 was suppressed by pathogen infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. OsGLIP1 was mainly expressed in leaf and leaf sheath, while OsGLIP2 showed high expression in elongating internodes. Biochemical assay demonstrated that OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 are functional lipases that could hydrolyze lipid substrates. Simultaneous down-regulation of OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 increased plant resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, whereas disease resistance in OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 overexpression plants was significantly compromised, suggesting that both genes act as negative regulators of disease resistance. OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 proteins mainly localize to lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. The proper cellular localization of OsGLIP proteins is indispensable for their functions in immunity. Comprehensive lipid profiling analysis indicated that the alteration of OsGLIP gene expression was associated with substantial changes of the levels of lipid species including monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). We show that MGDG and DGDG feeding could attenuate disease resistance. Taken together, our study indicates that OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 negatively regulate rice defense by modulating lipid metabolism, thus providing new insights into the function of lipids in plant immunity. Lipases are a large family of enzymes conferring lipid metabolism. Lipids and their metabolites play diverse roles in plant growth as well as response to environmental stimuli. Accumulating evidence implicates lipids as signaling molecules mediating plant immunity. Therefore, lipases are presumed to be actively involved in plant defense responses. Based on gene expression profiling, we have identified two functional GDSL lipases, encoded by OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2, whose expression was suppressed by pathogen infection in the model cereal rice. Both OsGLIP1 and OsGLIP2 proteins localize to lipid droplets and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, and they likely coordinate lipid metabolism with differential but complementary expression patterns in tissues and developmental stages. Consequently, alteration of OsGLIP gene expression was associated with substantial changes of lipid abundance and plant disease resistance. Our work identifies and characterizes two lipases that function as negative regulators of plant immune responses, strengthening the understanding of lipid metabolism in plant-microbe interactions.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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