Reynolds algebras and their free objects from bracketed words and rooted trees

Reynolds algebras and their free objects from bracketed words and rooted trees
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雷诺代数及其来自括号词和有根树的自由对象

DOI:
10.1016/j.jpaa.2021.106766
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发表时间:
2019-11
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
Li Guo
Li Guo
中科院分区:
数学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Tianjie Zhang;Xing Gao;Li Guo

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雷诺代数的研究起源于1895年雷诺关于流体动力学的著名工作,并从此得到了广泛的应用。它还与代数自同态、导数、Rota-Baxter算子等重要的线性算子有着密切的关系。许多年前,G. Birkhoff提出了雷诺算子的代数研究,包括相应的自由代数。本文就进行了这样的研究。我们首先给出了Reynolds算子的例子和性质,包括Reynolds恒等式的多变量推广。然后在一个集合上构造自由雷诺代数。为此,我们确定了一组被称为雷诺词的括号词,它们作为自由雷诺代数的线性基。给出了无超级树冠的有根树的雷诺词的组合解释。雷诺兹词在连接下的闭包给出了雷诺兹词所张成的空间上的代数结构。然后在这个代数上定义一个线性算子,使其满足雷诺恒等式和期望的泛性质。
The study of Reynolds algebras has its origin in the well-known work of O. Reynolds on fluid dynamics in 1895 and has since found broad applications. It also has close relationship with important linear operators such as algebra endomorphisms, derivations and Rota-Baxter operators. Many years ago, G. Birkhoff suggested an algebraic study of Reynolds operators, including the corresponding free algebras. We carry out such a study in this paper. We first provide examples and properties of Reynolds operators, including a multi-variant generalization of the Reynolds identity. We then construct the free Reynolds algebra on a set. For this purpose, we identify a set of bracketed words called Reynolds words which serves as the linear basis of the free Reynolds algebra. A combinatorial interpretation of Reynolds words is given in terms of rooted trees without super crowns. The closure of the Reynolds words under concatenation gives the algebra structure on the space spanned by Reynolds words. Then a linear operator is defined on this algebra such that the Reynolds identity and the desired universal property are satisfied.
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