Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of glutamate-related abnormalities in mood disorders.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of glutamate-related abnormalities in mood disorders.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.06.016
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Oenguer, Dost
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yuksel, Cagri;Oenguer, Dost
在心境障碍中，越来越多的证据表明，患者的谷氨酸能代谢物的外周测量、谷氨酸相关标志物的尸检研究以及现有治疗作用机制的动物研究均表明谷氨酸能异常。磁共振波谱（MRS）具有证实和扩展这些发现的潜力，其优点是在不同疾病状态下对谷氨酸相关代谢物进行体内评估，以响应治疗，并与功能成像数据相关。本文首先综述了谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺和Glx（主要由谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺组成）的生物学意义。接下来，我们回顾了情绪障碍的MRS文献，检查这些谷氨酸相关的代谢产物。在这里，我们发现了一个高度一致的模式，Glx水平降低，抑郁症和升高，双相情感障碍。此外，对抑郁症（无论诊断如何）的研究提供了谷氨酰胺/谷氨酸盐比值降低的提示性证据，而在躁狂症中谷氨酰胺/谷氨酸盐比值升高。这些模式表明，谷氨酸相关代谢物库（并非所有都与神经传递相关）在重度抑郁症中受到限制，而在双相情感障碍中扩大。抑郁和躁狂发作的特征可能在于谷氨酰胺/谷氨酸比率以相反的方向调节，这可能分别表明神经胶质细胞将谷氨酸转化为谷氨酰胺的转化降低与升高。我们讨论了这些结果对情绪障碍的病理生理学的影响，并提出了未来的MRS研究方向。
In mood disorders there is growing evidence for glutamatergic abnormalities derived from peripheral measures of glutamatergic metabolites in patients, postmortem studies on glutamate related markers, and animal studies on the mechanism of action of available treatments. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has the potential to corroborate and extend these findings with the advantage of in vivo assessment of glutamate-related metabolites in different disease states, in response to treatment, and in relation with functional imaging data. In this article we first review the biological significance of glutamate, glutamine, and Glx (composed mainly of glutamate and glutamine). Next we review the MRS literature in mood disorders examining these glutamate-related metabolites. Here, we find a highly consistent pattern of Glx level reductions in major depressive disorder and elevations in bipolar disorder. In addition, studies of depression regardless of diagnosis provide suggestive evidence for reduced glutamine/glutamate ratio, and in mania for elevated glutamine/glutamate ratio. These patterns suggest that the glutamate-related metabolite pool (not all of it necessarily relevant to neurotransmission) is constricted in major depressive disorder and expanded in bipolar disorder. Depressive and manic episodes may be characterized by modulation of the glutamine/glutamate ratio in opposite directions, possibly suggesting reduced vs. elevated glutamate conversion to glutamine by glial cells, respectively. We discuss the implications of these results for the pathophysiology of mood disorders, and suggest future directions for MRS studies.
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影响因子：
3
作者：
Bleakman, D.;Alt, A.;Witkin, J. M.
通讯作者：
Witkin, J. M.
DOI：
10.1017/s1461145708009516
发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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作者：
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影响因子：
10.6
作者：
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通讯作者：
Holsboer, F
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Binesh, N;Kumar, A;Thomas, MA
通讯作者：
Thomas, MA