How costs influence decision values for mixed outcomes.
How costs influence decision values for mixed outcomes.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2012.00146
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Pine A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Talmi D;Pine A
我们最珍视的东西往往需要牺牲，正如格言“没有痛苦，就没有收获”所概括的那样。但是，当结果由成本和收益的混合物组成时，如何确定结果的主观价值呢？我们描述了将成本和收益整合为单一价值的理论模型，借鉴了经济和经验文献，目的是使它们能够被神经科学界所接受。我们提出了两个关键的分析，超越了拟合优度之间的决定占主导地位的加性模型和四个品种的相互作用的模型。首先，他们如何在不提供奖励的情况下对成本之间的决策进行建模;其次，当成本增加到结果时，他们是否预测奖励敏感度的变化，以及方向。我们从计算的角度对相关的神经生物学工作进行了选择性的回顾，重点关注那些阐明了潜在估值机制的研究。认知神经科学有很大的潜力来决定哪些理论模型实际上是由我们的大脑使用的，但实证工作还没有完全接受这一挑战。我们希望未来的研究能提高我们对大脑如何决定混合结果是否值得的理解。
The things that we hold dearest often require a sacrifice, as epitomized in the maxim “no pain, no gain.” But how is the subjective value of outcomes established when they consist of mixtures of costs and benefits? We describe theoretical models for the integration of costs and benefits into a single value, drawing on both the economic and the empirical literatures, with the goal of rendering them accessible to the neuroscience community. We propose two key assays that go beyond goodness of fit for deciding between the dominant additive model and four varieties of interactive models. First, how they model decisions between costs when reward is not on offer; and second, whether they predict changes in reward sensitivity when costs are added to outcomes, and in what direction. We provide a selective review of relevant neurobiological work from a computational perspective, focusing on those studies that illuminate the underlying valuation mechanisms. Cognitive neuroscience has great potential to decide which of the theoretical models is actually employed by our brains, but empirical work has yet to fully embrace this challenge. We hope that future research improves our understanding of how our brain decides whether mixed outcomes are worthwhile.
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