Spatio-temporal stratified associations between urban human activities and crime patterns: a case study in San Francisco around the COVID-19 stay-at-home mandate.
Spatio-temporal stratified associations between urban human activities and crime patterns: a case study in San Francisco around the COVID-19 stay-at-home mandate.
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DOI：
10.1007/s43762-022-00041-2
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cheng, Tao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Tongxin;Bowers, Kate;Zhu, Di;Gao, Xiaowei;Cheng, Tao
关键词：
据报告，由于遏制政策（如COVID-19大流行期间的居家（SAH）规定）导致人类日常活动发生变化，犯罪发生了变化。然而，在实证研究中尚未深入探讨犯罪在空间和时间上的表现形式如何受到动态人类活动的影响。在这里，我们的目标是定量测量犯罪模式和人类活动的背景下，不断变化的社会人口背景的不稳定时期的时空分层关联。我们提出了一个分析框架，以检测动态的人类活动和城市地区的犯罪之间的分层关联。在美国旧金山弗朗西斯科的案例研究中，我们首先确定人类活动区（HAZ）的基础上的人口普查块组（CBG）的每日客流量签名的相似性。然后，我们研究犯罪的空间分布在CBG水平和HAZ使用空间分层异质性统计测量之间的空间关联。第三，我们在COVID-19大流行期间使用SAH授权生效日期前后的不同时间观察尺度来研究相关性的动态性质。结果表明，大多数犯罪类型的空间格局与人类活动区的空间格局在统计上显着相关。在所有时间尺度上，财产犯罪都比暴力犯罪表现出更高的分层关联。此外，最强的关联与围绕SAH顺序的八周时间跨度。这些发现不仅加深了我们对城市犯罪和人类活动之间关系的理解，而且还提供了针对性的犯罪干预策略需要考虑人类活动变量的见解。
Crime changes have been reported as a result of human routine activity shifting due to containment policies, such as stay-at-home (SAH) mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the way in which the manifestation of crime in both space and time is affected by dynamic human activities has not been explored in depth in empirical studies. Here, we aim to quantitatively measure the spatio-temporal stratified associations between crime patterns and human activities in the context of an unstable period of the ever-changing socio-demographic backcloth. We propose an analytical framework to detect the stratified associations between dynamic human activities and crimes in urban areas. In a case study of San Francisco, United States, we first identify human activity zones (HAZs) based on the similarity of daily footfall signatures on census block groups (CBGs). Then, we examine the spatial associations between crime spatial distributions at the CBG-level and the HAZs using spatial stratified heterogeneity statistical measurements. Thirdly, we use different temporal observation scales around the effective date of the SAH mandate during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate the dynamic nature of the associations. The results reveal that the spatial patterns of most crime types are statistically significantly associated with that of human activities zones. Property crime exhibits a higher stratified association than violent crime across all temporal scales. Further, the strongest association is obtained with the eight-week time span centred around the SAH order. These findings not only enhance our understanding of the relationships between urban crime and human activities, but also offer insights into that tailored crime intervention strategies need to consider human activity variables.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Liu, Wei;Wu, Wenjie;Wang, Jianghao
通讯作者：
Wang, Jianghao
DOI：
10.1007/s12103-020-09578-6
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
American journal of criminal justice : AJCJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
Campedelli GM;Aziani A;Favarin S
通讯作者：
Favarin S
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Graif C;Sampson RJ
通讯作者：
Sampson RJ
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Langton S;Dixon A;Farrell G
通讯作者：
Farrell G
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Borrion H;Kurland J;Tilley N;Chen P
通讯作者：
Chen P