The challenge of living on: psychopathology and its mediating influence on the readjustment of former child soldiers.
The challenge of living on: psychopathology and its mediating influence on the readjustment of former child soldiers.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0102786
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Neuner F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ertl V;Pfeiffer A;Schauer-Kaiser E;Elbert T;Neuner F
目前内战的特点是平民人口越来越多地卷入和有计划地雇用儿童兵。这种战争的一个例子是乌干达北方的冲突，那里受战争影响的人口仍然面临着以前被绑架的儿童和青年重返社会的挑战。对境内流离失所者营地中年龄在12岁至25岁之间的1 113名北方乌干达人采用多阶段整群抽样方法和当地验证的工具进行了一次基于人口的跨部门调查，以评估受战争影响的人以及以前被绑架的人的创伤后应激障碍和可能的抑郁症的症状和诊断。进一步的目的是确定精神病理学的预测因子和适应不良的相关指标（即，日常和社区功能障碍、身体不适、自杀倾向、攻击性和歧视）与绑架、遭受暴力的程度和精神病理学。43%的样本报告被叛军绑架。这一群体遭受暴力的比例高于未被绑架的青年（t = 28.05; p<.001）。 前儿童兵的PTSD患病率为25%，对照组为7%。高自杀意念分别为16%和6%。更多的经历和目击事件类型（β =. 32. p<0.001），一级亲属的丧失（β = 0.13. p<0.001）和涉及强迫犯罪的事件类型的数量（β = 0.23. p<.001）被确定为前儿童兵中PTSD症状的危险因素。被绑架者的状态和适应不良的指标之间的关联完全介导的创伤暴露和精神病理学的水平。结果表明，儿童虐待及其心理后遗症影响了相当大比例的儿童和青少年。在获释或逃跑后，他们的重新适应至少部分取决于他们的精神创伤程度。
Current civil wars are characterized by the increasing involvement of civilian populations and the systematic employment of child soldiers. An example of such wars was the conflict in Northern Uganda, where the war-affected population is still challenged by the reintegration of formerly abducted children and youths. A cross-sectional, population-based survey, using a multistage cluster sampling approach of 1,113 Northern Ugandans aged between 12 and 25 in camps for internally displaced persons and locally validated instruments was conducted to assess symptoms and diagnoses of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and probable Depression in war-affected, as well as formerly abducted individuals. Further objectives were to determine predictors of psychopathology and to relate indicators of maladjustment (i.e., impairments in daily and community functioning, somatic complaints, suicidality, aggressiveness and discrimination) to abduction, level of exposure to violence and psychopathology. 43% of the sample reported abduction by the rebel army. Exposure to violence among this group was higher than for non-abducted youths (t = 28.05; p<.001). PTSD point prevalence rates were 25% among former child soldiers and 7% among the comparison group. High suicidal ideation was present in 16% and 6% respectively. A higher amount of experienced and witnessed event-types (β = . 32. p<.001), loss of first-degree relatives (β = .13. p<.001) and the number of event-types involving forced perpetration (β = .23. p<.001) were identified as risk factors of PTSD symptoms in former child soldiers. The associations between abductee-status and indicators of maladjustment were fully mediated by level of trauma exposure and psychopathology. Results show that child soldiering and its psychological sequelae affect a substantial proportion of children and youths. After release or flight, their readjustment depends at least partly on their level of mental traumatization.
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DOI：
10.1002/bs.3830190102
发表时间：
1974-01-01
期刊：
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE
影响因子：
--
作者：
DEROGATIS, LR;LIPMAN, RS;COVI, L
通讯作者：
COVI, L
影响因子：
8
作者：
Blattman, Christopher;Annan, Jeannie
通讯作者：
Annan, Jeannie
影响因子：
120.7
作者：
Bayer, Christophe Pierre;Klasen, Fionna;Adam, Hubertus
通讯作者：
Adam, Hubertus
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Betancourt, Theresa S.;Agnew-Blais, Jessica;Ellis, B. Heidi
通讯作者：
Ellis, B. Heidi
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02620.x
发表时间：
2013-01
期刊：
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
影响因子：
--
作者：
Betancourt TS;Borisova I;Williams TP;Meyers-Ohki SE;Rubin-Smith JE;Annan J;Kohrt BA
通讯作者：
Kohrt BA