Thinking about thinking: Neural mechanisms and effects on memory

Thinking about thinking: Neural mechanisms and effects on memory
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关于思考的思考:神经机制及其对记忆的影响

DOI:
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.11.067
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
5.7
通讯作者:
Kanske
Kanske
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bonhage;Kanske

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一个公认的发现是,如果同时执行外部次要任务(例如音调辨别),则记忆编码受损。然而,在学习的同时,我们也经常从事内部的次要任务,如计划,沉思或白日梦。目前还不清楚这种次要的内部任务是否对记忆有类似的影响,以及这种影响背后的神经机制是什么。因此,我们测量了参与者在学习单词对并同时执行不同类型的次要任务(即,内部、外部和控制)。记忆性能下降,在内部和外部的次要任务相比,容易控制的条件。然而,当外部任务减少了记忆编码相关区域(海马)的活动时,内部任务增加了与自我反思相关的大脑区域(前内侧前额叶皮层)以及与性能监控和感知显著性相关的区域(前额叶皮层,背侧前扣带皮层)的神经活动。静息态功能连接分析证实,前内侧前额叶皮层和前扣带皮层/背侧前扣带皮层分别是默认模式网络和显著性网络的一部分。总而言之,次要内部任务损害记忆性能就像次要外部任务一样,但通过不同的神经机制运作。
It is a well-established finding that memory encoding is impaired if an external secondary task (e.g. tone discrimination) is performed simultaneously. Yet, while studying we are also often engaged in internal secondary tasks such as planning, ruminating, or daydreaming. It remains unclear whether such a secondary internal task has similar effects on memory and what the neural mechanisms underlying such an influence are. We therefore measured participants' blood oxygenation level dependent responses while they learned word-pairs and simultaneously performed different types of secondary tasks (i.e., internal, external, and control). Memory performance decreased in both internal and external secondary tasks compared to the easy control condition. However, while the external task reduced activity in memory-encoding related regions (hippocampus), the internal task increased neural activity in brain regions associated with self-reflection (anterior medial prefrontal cortex), as well as in regions associated with performance monitoring and the perception of salience (anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex). Resting-state functional connectivity analyses confirmed that anterior medial prefrontal cortex and anterior insula/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex are part of the default mode network and salience network, respectively. In sum, a secondary internal task impairs memory performance just as a secondary external task, but operates through different neural mechanisms.
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