The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges.
The porcine respiratory microbiome: recent insights and future challenges.
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DOI：
10.1186/s42523-020-00070-4
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发表时间：
2021-01-08
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Guardabassi L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pirolo M;Espinosa-Gongora C;Bogaert D;Guardabassi L
鉴于呼吸道疾病对动物健康和福利的严重后果，了解呼吸道微生物组的结构及其与机会致病菌的复杂相互作用已成为畜牧业生产中具有重大科学和经济意义的主题。本文主要介绍了猪上、下呼吸道的微生物结构，以及影响微生物组发育和呼吸道疾病发生的因素。在PubMed和Scopus上进行文献检索后，根据定义的排除标准选择了21篇文章（20项研究通过16S rRNA基因测序进行，1项通过鸟枪宏基因组学进行）。对所选文献的分析表明，上呼吸道的微生物结构在出生后经历了显著的演变，并在断奶前后趋于稳定。抗菌处理、气态氨浓度、饮食和地板类型是公认的影响微生物组结构的环境因素。上呼吸道的主要门是变形菌门和厚壁菌门，鼻腔和口咽腔之间在属水平上存在显著差异。只有五项研究调查了下呼吸道，其结果在这两个门的相对丰度方面存在分歧，在属水平上的肺部微生物组组成方面甚至更多，这可能是由于方法上的差异。减少多样性和不平衡的微生物组成与呼吸道疾病的风险增加有关。然而，大多数研究在标本采集、测序靶点和深度以及缺乏质量控制方面存在方法学缺陷。采样和测序程序的标准化将有助于更好地了解下呼吸道微生物的结构及其与猪健康和疾病的关系。
Understanding the structure of the respiratory microbiome and its complex interactions with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria has become a topic of great scientific and economic interest in livestock production, given the severe consequences of respiratory disease on animal health and welfare. The present review focuses on the microbial structures of the porcine upper and lower airways, and the factors that influence microbiome development and onset of respiratory disease. Following a literature search on PubMed and Scopus, 21 articles were selected based on defined exclusion criteria (20 studies performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and one by shotgun metagenomics). Analysis of the selected literature indicated that the microbial structure of the upper respiratory tract undergoes a remarkable evolution after birth and tends to stabilise around weaning. Antimicrobial treatment, gaseous ammonia concentration, diet and floor type are amongst the recognized environmental factors influencing microbiome structure. The predominant phyla of the upper respiratory tract are Proteobacteria and Firmicutes with significant differences at the genus level between the nasal and the oropharyngeal cavity. Only five studies investigated the lower respiratory tract and their results diverged in relation to the relative abundance of these two phyla and even more in the composition of the lung microbiome at the genus level, likely because of methodological differences. Reduced diversity and imbalanced microbial composition are associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease. However, most studies presented methodological pitfalls concerning specimen collection, sequencing target and depth, and lack of quality control. Standardization of sampling and sequencing procedures would contribute to a better understanding of the structure of the microbiota inhabiting the lower respiratory tract and its relationship with pig health and disease.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Clooney AG;Fouhy F;Sleator RD;O' Driscoll A;Stanton C;Cotter PD;Claesson MJ
通讯作者：
Claesson MJ
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Bosch AATM;Levin E;van Houten MA;Hasrat R;Kalkman G;Biesbroek G;de Steenhuijsen Piters WAA;de Groot PCM;Pernet P;Keijser BJF;Sanders EAM;Bogaert D
通讯作者：
Bogaert D
对丹麦猪呼吸道疾病复合物相关的病理和病原体的研究。
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
Hansen MS;Pors SE;Jensen HE;Bille-Hansen V;Bisgaard M;Flachs EM;Nielsen OL
通讯作者：
Nielsen OL
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Gill, Steven R.;Pop, Mihai;Nelson, Karen E.
通讯作者：
Nelson, Karen E.
在囊性纤维化中，跨年龄和疾病阶段的肺微生物群。
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Coburn B;Wang PW;Diaz Caballero J;Clark ST;Brahma V;Donaldson S;Zhang Y;Surendra A;Gong Y;Elizabeth Tullis D;Yau YC;Waters VJ;Hwang DM;Guttman DS
通讯作者：
Guttman DS