Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
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DOI：
10.3390/brainsci10120951
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发表时间：
2020-12-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gonzalez-Perez O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Galvez-Contreras AY;Zarate-Lopez D;Torres-Chavez AL;Gonzalez-Perez O
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种早期神经发育障碍，涉及人际沟通，社会互动和重复行为的缺陷。虽然ASD的病理生理学仍不确定，但额叶、边缘区和壳核的异常发育的改变产生了神经元活动的抑制和兴奋之间的不平衡。有趣的是，最近的研究结果表明，神经元连接的破坏与ASD患者不同脑区的白色物质产生和髓鞘形成的神经改变有关。这篇综述的目的是总结最新的证据，支持这一概念，即异常的少突胶质细胞生成和轴突髓鞘在特定的大脑区域参与ASD的病理生理。这些病理过程的基本分子介质也进行了检查。确定少突胶质细胞发生和髓鞘形成的改变的作用是了解ASD病理生理学和确定可能的治疗靶点的基本步骤。
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early neurodevelopmental disorder that involves deficits in interpersonal communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Although ASD pathophysiology is still uncertain, alterations in the abnormal development of the frontal lobe, limbic areas, and putamen generate an imbalance between inhibition and excitation of neuronal activity. Interestingly, recent findings suggest that a disruption in neuronal connectivity is associated with neural alterations in white matter production and myelination in diverse brain regions of patients with ASD. This review is aimed to summarize the most recent evidence that supports the notion that abnormalities in the oligodendrocyte generation and axonal myelination in specific brain regions are involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Fundamental molecular mediators of these pathological processes are also examined. Determining the role of alterations in oligodendrogenesis and myelination is a fundamental step to understand the pathophysiology of ASD and identify possible therapeutic targets.
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