Wheat root systems as a breeding target for climate resilience.
Wheat root systems as a breeding target for climate resilience.
复制标题
小麦根系作为气候适应能力的育种目标。
DOI：
10.1007/s00122-021-03819-w
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发表时间：
2021-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Watt M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ober ES;Alahmad S;Cockram J;Forestan C;Hickey LT;Kant J;Maccaferri M;Marr E;Milner M;Pinto F;Rambla C;Reynolds M;Salvi S;Sciara G;Snowdon RJ;Thomelin P;Tuberosa R;Uauy C;Voss-Fels KP;Wallington E;Watt M
在未来几十年中，产量的更大遗传增益将是满足预期需求所必需的，尽管气候变化对作物生产产生了破坏稳定的影响，但这一目标必须实现。作物的根系捕获支持作物生长所需的水分和养分，针对特定农业环境的挑战改进根系可以提高气候适应能力。根的发生、生长和发育的每个组成部分都受到遗传控制，并对环境做出反应，这转化为一个复杂的定量系统，为育种者导航，但如果有合适的工具，也是一个充满机会的世界。在这篇综述中，我们认为，重要的是要了解更多关于“隐藏的一半”的作物植物和假设，作物改良可以进一步提高使用的方法，直接针对选择根系结构。为了探讨这些问题，我们主要集中在面包小麦（小麦L.），这是一种主要作物，在支撑全球粮食安全方面发挥着重要作用。我们回顾了在受控和田间条件下可用于根表型分析的工具，以及利用这些平台与现代遗传学和基因组学资源一起解剖控制小麦根系的遗传结构。为了将这些进展应用于小麦育种，我们探讨了以下问题：应选择哪些根系结构，哪些农业环境和育种群体的遗传性状配置最适合，以及如何在实践中直接选择这些根系理想型。
In the coming decades, larger genetic gains in yield will be necessary to meet projected demand, and this must be achieved despite the destabilizing impacts of climate change on crop production. The root systems of crops capture the water and nutrients needed to support crop growth, and improved root systems tailored to the challenges of specific agricultural environments could improve climate resiliency. Each component of root initiation, growth and development is controlled genetically and responds to the environment, which translates to a complex quantitative system to navigate for the breeder, but also a world of opportunity given the right tools. In this review, we argue that it is important to know more about the ‘hidden half’ of crop plants and hypothesize that crop improvement could be further enhanced using approaches that directly target selection for root system architecture. To explore these issues, we focus predominantly on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a staple crop that plays a major role in underpinning global food security. We review the tools available for root phenotyping under controlled and field conditions and the use of these platforms alongside modern genetics and genomics resources to dissect the genetic architecture controlling the wheat root system. To contextualize these advances for applied wheat breeding, we explore questions surrounding which root system architectures should be selected for, which agricultural environments and genetic trait configurations of breeding populations are these best suited to, and how might direct selection for these root ideotypes be implemented in practice.
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影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Allen AM;Winfield MO;Burridge AJ;Downie RC;Benbow HR;Barker GL;Wilkinson PA;Coghill J;Waterfall C;Davassi A;Scopes G;Pirani A;Webster T;Brew F;Bloor C;Griffiths S;Bentley AR;Alda M;Jack P;Phillips AL;Edwards KJ
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Hickey, Lee T.