Mobile phone use, blood lead levels, and attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms in children: a longitudinal study.
Mobile phone use, blood lead levels, and attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms in children: a longitudinal study.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0059742
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kim N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Byun YH;Ha M;Kwon HJ;Hong YC;Leem JH;Sakong J;Kim SY;Lee CG;Kang D;Choi HD;Kim N
人们开始关注射频电磁场（RF-EMF）对儿童大脑可能产生的负面健康影响。本纵向研究的目的是调查手机使用与注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状之间的关系，并考虑铅暴露的调节作用。对韩国10个城市27所小学的2422名学生进行了为期2年的调查。父母或监护人接受了一份调查问卷，其中包括韩国版的多动症评定量表和关于手机使用的问题，以及社会人口因素。使用手机的ADHD症状风险在两个时间点使用逻辑回归进行估计，并在2年内使用广义估计方程模型与反复测量的手机使用、血铅和ADHD症状变量进行合并，并对协变量进行调整。ADHD症状风险与使用手机语音通话有关，但这种联系仅限于接触相对高铅的儿童。结果表明，同时暴露于铅和射频的手机使用与增加ADHD症状的风险有关，尽管可能的反向因果关系不能排除。
Concerns have developed for the possible negative health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure to children’s brains. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the association between mobile phone use and symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) considering the modifying effect of lead exposure. A total of 2,422 children at 27 elementary schools in 10 Korean cities were examined and followed up 2 years later. Parents or guardians were administered a questionnaire including the Korean version of the ADHD rating scale and questions about mobile phone use, as well as socio-demographic factors. The ADHD symptom risk for mobile phone use was estimated at two time points using logistic regression and combined over 2 years using the generalized estimating equation model with repeatedly measured variables of mobile phone use, blood lead, and ADHD symptoms, adjusted for covariates. The ADHD symptom risk associated with mobile phone use for voice calls but the association was limited to children exposed to relatively high lead. The results suggest that simultaneous exposure to lead and RF from mobile phone use was associated with increased ADHD symptom risk, although possible reverse causality could not be ruled out.
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