Physical, behavioral, and hormonal changes in the resumption of sexual receptivity during postpartum infertility in female bonobos at Wamba.
Physical, behavioral, and hormonal changes in the resumption of sexual receptivity during postpartum infertility in female bonobos at Wamba.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10329-021-00968-w
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发表时间：
2022-03
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Furuichi, Takeshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hashimoto, Chie;Ryu, Heungjin;Mouri, Keiko;Shimizu, Keiko;Sakamaki, Tetsuya;Furuichi, Takeshi
关键词：
操作性别比（OSR）被用作交配竞争强度的预测因子。虽然影响 OSR 的因素有很多，但对于生育间隔长和非季节性繁殖的灵长类动物（例如原始猿），往往存在较高的雄性偏见。然而，倭黑猩猩 (Pan paniscus) 的 OSR 低于黑猩猩 (Pan troglodytes)，这被认为会减少雄性的竞争和攻击行为。倭黑猩猩的低 OSR 被认为是由于雌性在产后不孕期间早期恢复性接受能力以及它们持续表现出的接受能力直到怀孕后期。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过提供有关性皮肤和交配最大肿胀（MS）恢复的定量数据，以及刚果民主共和国洛科学保护区万巴野生倭黑猩猩在产后不孕期间尿液雌酮结合物（E1C）浓度变化的定量数据，来检查性接受能力的早期恢复。通过对9年数据的分析发现，女性在产后225.4±132.7天出现第一次MS，在产后186.8±137.5天进行第一次交配，均处于产后不孕的早期阶段。随后，MS天数比例和交配频率稳步上升；然而，在产后约 42-48 个月，增加速度逐渐放缓。对于每位雌性来说，患有多发性硬化症的天数比例与每个时期的交配频率之间存在显着相关性。我们证实 MS 阶段的 E1C 浓度显着高于非 MS 阶段。 15 个月内收集的 MS 期间 E1C 浓度的数据表明，从哺乳早期到下一次受孕，E1C 浓度呈线性增加。这些结果表明，虽然雌性倭黑猩猩通常要到产后 49.7 个月才会怀孕，但它们在产后不孕的早期阶段会在低 E1C 浓度水平下恢复 MS 和接受能力。这项对雌性倭黑猩猩产后非生育期接受能力和性激素变化的研究为研究低 OSR 的演变提供了重要的见解，低 OSR 被认为有助于倭黑猩猩之间的和平社会关系。在线版本包含可在 10.1007/s10329-021-00968-w 获取的补充材料。
The operational sex ratio (OSR) is used as a predictor for the intensity of mating competition. While many factors affect the OSR, there tends to be a high male bias in primate species with long interbirth intervals and non-seasonal breeding, such as hominid apes. However, the OSR of bonobos (Pan paniscus) is lower than that of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), which is thought to reduce competitive and aggressive male behaviors. The low OSR of bonobos is considered to result from the early resumption of female sexual receptivity during postpartum infertility and the receptivity that they continue to show until the late stage of pregnancy. In this study, we aimed to examine the early resumption of sexual receptivity by providing quantitative data on the resumption of maximal swelling (MS) in sexual skin and copulation, and changes in urinary estrone conjugate (E1C) concentrations during postpartum infertility in wild bonobos at Wamba in the Luo Scientific Reserve, Democratic Republic of the Congo. An analysis of 9 years of data revealed that females showed the first MS at 225.4 ± 132.7 days after parturition and performed the first copulation at 186.8 ± 137.5 days after parturition, both of which were in the early stage of postpartum infertility. The proportion of days with MS and the frequency of copulation steadily increased subsequently; however, the rate of increase gradually slowed approximately 42–48 months after parturition. There was a significant correlation between the proportion of days with MS and the frequency of copulation in each period for each female. We confirmed that E1C concentrations were significantly higher during the MS phase than during the non-MS phase. Data collected over 15 months on the E1C concentration during MS showed that it increased linearly from the early stage of lactation to the next conception. These results suggest that, although female bonobos do not usually conceive until 49.7 months after parturition, they resume MS and receptivity at a low level of E1C concentration during an early stage of postpartum infertility. This study of female bonobo receptivity and sex hormone changes during the postpartum non-fertile period provides important insights for examining the evolution of low OSR, which has been considered to contribute to peaceful social relationships among bonobos. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10329-021-00968-w.
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