Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids.
Control of lymphocyte functions by gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids.
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肠道微生物群衍生的短链脂肪酸对淋巴细胞功能的调控
DOI：
10.1038/s41423-020-00625-0
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发表时间：
2021-05
影响因子：
24.1
通讯作者：
Kim CH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kim CH
越来越多的证据表明，由肠道细菌产生的膳食纤维（DF）代谢产物在平衡免疫系统中起着至关重要的作用。DF，过去被认为是非必需的营养素，现在被认为是维持足够的免疫力水平和抑制炎症和过敏反应所必需的。短链脂肪酸（SCFA），如乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐，是DF的主要代谢产物，主要由能够将DF分解为更简单的脂肪酸并进一步将脂肪酸代谢为SCFA的特化的肠道细菌产生。SCFAs作用于多种细胞类型以调节许多重要的生物学过程，包括宿主代谢、肠道功能和免疫系统。这篇综述特别强调了DF和SCFAs在免疫系统中的调节功能，重点是主要的先天性和适应性淋巴细胞。目前有关SCFAs如何调节先天性淋巴细胞，T辅助细胞，细胞毒性T细胞和B细胞以及这些功能如何影响免疫，炎症和过敏反应的信息进行了讨论。
A mounting body of evidence indicates that dietary fiber (DF) metabolites produced by commensal bacteria play essential roles in balancing the immune system. DF, considered nonessential nutrients in the past, is now considered to be necessary to maintain adequate levels of immunity and suppress inflammatory and allergic responses. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, are the major DF metabolites and mostly produced by specialized commensal bacteria that are capable of breaking down DF into simpler saccharides and further metabolizing the saccharides into SCFAs. SCFAs act on many cell types to regulate a number of important biological processes, including host metabolism, intestinal functions, and immunity system. This review specifically highlights the regulatory functions of DF and SCFAs in the immune system with a focus on major innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Current information regarding how SCFAs regulate innate lymphoid cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B cells and how these functions impact immunity, inflammation, and allergic responses are discussed.
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