Global methane pledge versus carbon dioxide emission reduction

Global methane pledge versus carbon dioxide emission reduction
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全球甲烷承诺与二氧化碳减排

DOI:
10.1088/1748-9326/acf8dd
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
6.7
通讯作者:
Cael B
Cael B
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cael B

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甲烷(CH4)是一种强有力的温室气体,其对气候系统人为辐射强迫的贡献仅次于二氧化碳(CO2)。CH4减排已成为全球气候缓解政策的关键,最显著的结果是全球甲烷承诺(GMP),承诺到2030年减少30%的CH4排放。然而,甲烷在大气中的寿命比二氧化碳短得多,因此随着时间的推移,减排可能会对全球变暖产生不同的影响。我们量化了GMP的全球年平均表面温度与二氧化碳减排当量随时间的差异。在20世纪20年代,由于全球环境管理计划而避免CH4排放,最初导致的相对降温大于避免同期等量二氧化碳排放的相对降温,但在∼2060之后,相对降温较小,那时20世纪20年代期间排放的几乎所有CH4都已从大气中消除,但2020年代期间排放的大部分二氧化碳仍然存在。然而,如果《全球温室气体排放管理计划》将世界置于2030年后的较低CH4排放轨道上,这将导致全球变暖的降幅持续且显著大于二氧化碳排放轨道的同等变化,2055年最大差异为0.22±0.06∘C,相对降温将持续一个多世纪。这相当于如果GMP的CH4减排势头能够在本世纪20年代之后持续下去,那么在避免气候变化损害方面就会有很大的差异。虽然气候变暖的最大降幅是通过减少CH4和CO2排放,但我们的结果强调了持续减少CH4排放的显著全球社会效益。
Methane (CH 4) is a potent greenhouse gas whose contribution to anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate system is second only to carbon dioxide (CO 2). CH 4 emission reduction has become critical to global climate mitigation policy, resulting most notably in the global methane pledge (GMP), pledging a 30% reduction of CH 4 emissions by 2030. Methane is, however, much shorter-lived in the atmosphere than CO 2, so emissions reductions may have different impacts on global warming over time. We quantify the difference over time in global annual mean surface temperature of the GMP versus the equivalent amount of CO 2 emission reduction. The avoidance of CH 4 emissions in the 2020s due to the GMP initially results in greater relative cooling than the avoidance of the equivalent amount of CO 2 emissions over the same period, but less relative cooling after∼ 2060, when almost all CH 4 emitted during the 2020s has been removed from the atmosphere but much of the CO 2 emitted during the 2020s remains. However, if the GMP places the world on a lower CH 4 emissions trajectory after 2030, this results in a persistently and substantially greater reduction to global warming than the equivalent change in the CO 2 emissions trajectory, with a maximum difference of 0.22±0.06∘ C in 2055 and relative cooling for well over a century. This equates to a large difference in avoided climate change damages if momentum in CH 4 emission reduction from the GMP can be sustained after the 2020s. While the greatest reduction in warming is obtained by reducing both CH 4 and CO 2 emissions, our results underscore the striking global societal benefits of sustained reduction in CH 4 emissions.
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影响因子: 30.7
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