Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and the intensification of super typhoons.

Global warming-induced upper-ocean freshening and the intensification of super typhoons.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms13670
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发表时间:
2016-11-25
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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超级台风(Stys)是北太平洋西部的强烈热带气旋,是全球最具破坏性的自然灾害之一。这些风暴的狂风导致上层海洋的深层混合,导致强烈的海面冷却,使STYS对海洋密度分层高度敏感。虽然一些研究审查了海洋热结构变化对未来热带气旋的潜在影响,但它们没有考虑到近地表盐度的变化。在这里,使用观测和耦合气候模式模拟相结合的方法,我们表明,台风形成的地方更多的降雨引起的上层海洋的清新,往往会通过降低上层海洋的冷却能力来加强STYS。我们进一步证明,在1961年至2008年期间,这种淡水的强化效应比温度的抑制效应强53%,而在21世纪的预测中,盐度的积极效应大约是海洋温度变化负面效应的一半。超级台风构成了重大的社会威胁,但由于降雨驱动的层结变化,它们未来的行为仍未得到探索。在这里,观测和气候模型显示,降水增加和随后的清新可能会加剧西太平洋未来的超级台风。
Super typhoons (STYs), intense tropical cyclones of the western North Pacific, rank among the most destructive natural hazards globally. The violent winds of these storms induce deep mixing of the upper ocean, resulting in strong sea surface cooling and making STYs highly sensitive to ocean density stratification. Although a few studies examined the potential impacts of changes in ocean thermal structure on future tropical cyclones, they did not take into account changes in near-surface salinity. Here, using a combination of observations and coupled climate model simulations, we show that freshening of the upper ocean, caused by greater rainfall in places where typhoons form, tends to intensify STYs by reducing their ability to cool the upper ocean. We further demonstrate that the strengthening effect of this freshening over the period 1961–2008 is ∼53% stronger than the suppressive effect of temperature, whereas under twenty-first century projections, the positive effect of salinity is about half of the negative effect of ocean temperature changes. Super typhoons pose significant societal threats, yet their future behaviour due to rainfall-driven stratification changes remains unexplored. Here, observations and climate models reveal increased precipitation and subsequent freshening will likely intensify future super typhoons in the western N. Pacific.
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