Using the N400 event-related potential to study word learning from context in children from low- and higher-socioeconomic status homes.
Using the N400 event-related potential to study word learning from context in children from low- and higher-socioeconomic status homes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2019.104758
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发表时间：
2020-03
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Maguire MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ralph YK;Schneider JM;Abel AD;Maguire MJ
来自低社会经济地位（SES）家庭的儿童的词汇量明显小于他们的高社会经济地位同龄人，这一差距随着学年的推移而增加。在上学期间，词汇量差距扩大的一个原因是，来自低社会经济地位家庭的孩子从上下文中学到的单词比来自高社会经济地位家庭的孩子少。为了更好地了解如何从上下文中学习单词的过程可能会有所不同的儿童SES，我们调查了N400事件相关电位（ERP）的变化，因为来自低和高SES家庭的儿童只使用周围的语言环境学习新单词。N400对与SES相关的已知词的反应没有差异。为了响应所学习的目标词，来自社会经济地位较高家庭的儿童，就像之前研究中的成年人一样，在不同的接触中表现出N400的衰减，因为他们赋予了它的含义。来自社会经济地位较低家庭的儿童没有表现出同样的衰减。这些研究结果支持以前的工作，表明来自低SES家庭的儿童可能在支持语言处理的神经成分中存在差异或更多的变异性，并且他们扩展了以前的工作，以说明这种变异性如何与单词学习以及最终的词汇增长相关。
Children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) homes have significantly smaller vocabularies than their higher-SES peers, a gap that increases over the course of the school years. One reason for the increase in this vocabulary gap during the school years is that children from low-SES homes learn fewer words from context than their higher-SES peers. To better understand how the process of word learning from context might differ in children related to SES, we investigated changes in the N400 event-related potential (ERP) as children from low- and higher-SES homes learned new words using only the surrounding linguistic context. There were no differences in the N400 response to known words related to SES. In response to the target word being learned, children from higher-SES homes, like adults in previous studies, exhibited an attenuation of the N400 across exposures as they attached meaning to it. Children from low-SES homes did not show this same attenuation. These findings support previous work showing that children from low-SES homes may have differences or more variability in the neural components supporting language processing, and they extend previous work to illustrate how this variability may relate to word learning and, ultimately, vocabulary growth.
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影响因子：
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