Hofbauer Cells: Their Role in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy.
Hofbauer Cells: Their Role in Healthy and Complicated Pregnancy.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2018.02628
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Golos TG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reyes L;Golos TG
Hofbauer细胞是胎儿来源的胎盘绒毛巨噬细胞，在整个妊娠期间都存在。尽管Hofbauer细胞群在抗原性和形态上是不同的，但它们的表观遗传学、抗原性和功能特征最接近于交替激活的巨噬细胞，即M2a、M2b、M2c和M2d极性亚型。这些细胞与M2样细胞相一致，在胎盘发育过程中发挥着重要作用，包括血管生成和血管生成。在胎盘炎症期间，Hofbauer细胞可能会产生促炎细胞因子或介质，破坏绒毛细胞屏障，并在绒毛内诱导纤维化反应，作为慢性炎症的连续体。然而，到目前为止，还没有证据表明霍夫鲍尔细胞被经典地激活或采用能够杀死微生物的M1极性表型。相反，它们主要的M2样特性可能是这些细胞在控制大多数TORCH感染方面无效的原因。此外，霍夫鲍尔细胞可能有助于各种病原体向胎儿的垂直传播，因为它们可以携带活病毒，并在胎盘内充当宿主。本综述的目的是总结目前已知的Hofbauer细胞在涉及免疫紊乱、炎症和/或感染的正常和复杂妊娠中的作用。
Hofbauer cells are placental villous macrophages of fetal origin that are present throughout pregnancy. Although Hofbauer cell populations are antigenically and morphologically heterogeneous, their epigenetic, antigenic, and functional profiles most closely resemble alternatively activated macrophages or what are referred to as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d polarity subtypes. Consistent with an M2-like profile, these cells play an important role in placental development including vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. During placental inflammation Hofbauer cells may produce pro-inflammatory cytokines or mediators that damage the villous cell barrier, and induce fibrotic responses within the villi as a continuum of chronic inflammation. However, to date, there is no evidence that Hofbauer cells become classically activated or adopt an M1 polarity phenotype that is able to kill microbes. To the contrary, their predominant M2 like qualities may be why these cells are ineffective in controlling most TORCH infections. Moreover, Hofbauer cells may contribute to vertical transmission of various pathogens to the fetus since they can harbor live virus and serve as reservoirs within the placenta. The goal of this review is to summarize what is currently known about the role of Hofbauer cells in normal and complicated pregnancies that involve immunologic disorders, inflammation, and/or infection.
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