Immune Impairment Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency: Insights from Clinical Studies and Animal Model Research.
Immune Impairment Associated with Vitamin A Deficiency: Insights from Clinical Studies and Animal Model Research.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu14235038
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发表时间：
2022-11-26
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Vlasova AN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amimo JO;Michael H;Chepngeno J;Raev SA;Saif LJ;Vlasova AN
维生素A（VA）对许多生物过程至关重要，包括胚胎发育、激素产生和功能、免疫的维持和调节以及上皮和粘膜的稳态。具体而言，VA影响细胞完整性、细胞因子产生、先天免疫细胞活化、抗原呈递和淋巴细胞运输至粘膜表面。据报道，VA也会影响肠道微生物群的组成和多样性。因此，VA缺乏症（VAD）导致炎症和免疫调节细胞因子的不平衡产生、肠道炎症、粘膜屏障功能减弱、活性氧（ROS）减少和肠道微生物组破坏。虽然VAD主要已知引起干眼症，但其在抗感染防御机制受损中的作用尚不明确。感染性疾病导致暂时性厌食和较低的饮食摄入量;此外，它们通过干扰VA吸收、利用和排泄而对VA状态产生不利影响。因此，VAD、免疫应答和感染之间存在三向关系，因为VAD影响免疫应答并使宿主易于感染，而感染降低了VA的肠吸收，从而有助于继发性VAD的发展。这已通过营养和临床研究、放射性示踪剂研究和基因敲除动物模型得到证实。深入了解VAD、免疫应答、肠道微生物群和感染之间的关系，对于优化疫苗有效性和为VAD高发国家制定有效的免疫计划至关重要。因此，在这篇综述中，我们全面总结了有关VAD对感染和疫苗接种后免疫应答影响的现有知识。我们详细介绍了与临床和亚临床VAD相关的病理状况，肠道微生物组对VAD的适应以及VAD对感染和疫苗免疫反应的影响。
Vitamin A (VA) is critical for many biological processes, including embryonic development, hormone production and function, the maintenance and modulation of immunity, and the homeostasis of epithelium and mucosa. Specifically, VA affects cell integrity, cytokine production, innate immune cell activation, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte trafficking to mucosal surfaces. VA also has been reported to influence the gut microbiota composition and diversity. Consequently, VA deficiency (VAD) results in the imbalanced production of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, intestinal inflammation, weakened mucosal barrier functions, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of the gut microbiome. Although VAD is primarily known to cause xerophthalmia, its role in the impairment of anti-infectious defense mechanisms is less defined. Infectious diseases lead to temporary anorexia and lower dietary intake; furthermore, they adversely affect VA status by interfering with VA absorption, utilization and excretion. Thus, there is a tri-directional relationship between VAD, immune response and infections, as VAD affects immune response and predisposes the host to infection, and infection decreases the intestinal absorption of the VA, thereby contributing to secondary VAD development. This has been demonstrated using nutritional and clinical studies, radiotracer studies and knockout animal models. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between VAD, immune response, gut microbiota and infections is critical for optimizing vaccine efficacy and the development of effective immunization programs for countries with high prevalence of VAD. Therefore, in this review, we have comprehensively summarized the existing knowledge regarding VAD impacts on immune responses to infections and post vaccination. We have detailed pathological conditions associated with clinical and subclinical VAD, gut microbiome adaptation to VAD and VAD effects on the immune responses to infection and vaccines.
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生命早期维生素 A 缺乏会改变大鼠结肠粘膜微生物群的多样性。
影响因子：
5
作者：
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通讯作者：
Chen J
影响因子：
30.3
作者：
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通讯作者：
Vaishnava, Shipra
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Bhaskaram, P.;Rao, K. Visweswara
通讯作者：
Rao, K. Visweswara
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Cantorna, MT;Hayes, CE
通讯作者：
Hayes, CE
影响因子：
105.7
作者：
BARCLAY, AJG;FOSTER, A;SOMMER, A
通讯作者：
SOMMER, A