Inactivation of influenza A viruses in the environment and modes of transmission: a critical review.
Inactivation of influenza A viruses in the environment and modes of transmission: a critical review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinf.2008.08.013
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发表时间：
2008-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stilianakis NI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weber TP;Stilianakis NI
甲型流感病毒的空气传播、飞沫传播和接触传播的相对重要性以及控制措施的效率，除其他因素外，还取决于病毒在不同环境介质中的灭活情况。我们系统地回顾了关于甲型流感病毒在环境中失活的现有信息，并利用有关感染剂量的信息和数学模型的结果来评估传播模式。每天的失活速率常数相差几个数量级：在无生命的表面和气溶胶中，每天的失活速率约为1-102，而在手中的失活速率约为103。流感病毒可以在气雾剂中存活几个小时，在手上存活几分钟。甲型流感鼻腔感染剂量比空气传播感染剂量大几个数量级。空气传播途径是流感在室内环境中潜在的重要传播途径。必须重新评估液滴传播的重要性。接触传播可因手部流感病毒的快速灭活而受到限制，根据行为参数，接触传播比空气传播更受限制。然而，通过打喷嚏在环境中沉积的潜在大量接种物，以及鼻粘液对病毒生存的保护作用，可能使接触传播成为关键的传播方式。
The relative importance of airborne, droplet and contact transmission of influenza A virus and the efficiency of control measures depends among other factors on the inactivation of viruses in different environmental media. We systematically review available information on the environmental inactivation of influenza A viruses and employ information on infectious dose and results from mathematical models to assess transmission modes. Daily inactivation rate constants differ by several orders of magnitude: on inanimate surfaces and in aerosols daily inactivation rates are in the order of 1–102, on hands in the order of 103. Influenza virus can survive in aerosols for several hours, on hands for a few minutes. Nasal infectious dose of influenza A is several orders of magnitude larger than airborne infectious dose. The airborne route is a potentially important transmission pathway for influenza in indoor environments. The importance of droplet transmission has to be reassessed. Contact transmission can be limited by fast inactivation of influenza virus on hands and is more so than airborne transmission dependent on behavioral parameters. However, the potentially large inocula deposited in the environment through sneezing and the protective effect of nasal mucus on virus survival could make contact transmission a key transmission mode.
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