Identification and characterization of five transcription factors that are associated with evolutionarily conserved immune signaling pathways in the schistosome-transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata.
Identification and characterization of five transcription factors that are associated with evolutionarily conserved immune signaling pathways in the schistosome-transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molimm.2011.05.017
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发表时间：
2011-09
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Coultas KA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang SM;Coultas KA
天然免疫由体液和细胞成分组成，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物对各种病原体的防御反应中起着至关重要的调节作用。最近的研究表明，Rel/DIF（背相关免疫因子）、Relish、STAT（信号转导和转录激活因子（STAT））和CREB（cAMP反应元件结合蛋白）转录因子相关通路在动物界中是进化保守的。虽然免疫途径的主要作用和一般结构已在许多无脊椎动物，特别是节肢动物中发现，但对淡水蜗牛Biomphalaria glabrata中的这些途径几乎一无所知，Biomphalaria glabrata是人类血吸虫曼氏血吸虫（Schistosoma mansoni）的中间宿主，是人类血吸虫病的病原体。鉴于转录因子（TF）在控制效应基因表达中的核心作用，理解给定TF的作用对于了解相应信号通路的一般功能至关重要。为了更好地了解B的免疫力。glabrata，我们研究了五个同源的TF已被证明是与多个突出的免疫信号通路的基础上，从广泛的动物系统发育范围的大量数据报告。在这项研究中，我们确定和特点的cDNA的五个TF从B。glabrata，命名为BgRelish，BgRel，BgSTAT 1，BgSTAT 2和BgCREB。在五个TF中，Relish首次在后生动物的三个超门之一的Lophotrochozoa中报道。我们在B中鉴定了I类（BgRelish）和II类（BgRel）NF-κB。glabrata提出了两种途径，Toll样受体（TLR）和免疫缺陷（IMD）样途径，存在于落轮动物超门中。初步表达研究表明，这些TF相关的途径可能参与蜗牛的抗溶酶体反应。这一研究不仅加深了我们对蜗牛防御机制的理解，也为动物免疫进化提供了新的视角。
Innate immunity consists of humoral and cellular components that play a vital role in regulation of defense responses to various pathogens in vertebrates and invertebrates. Recent studies have shown that Rel/DIF (dorsal-related immunity factor), Relish, STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) transcription factors associated pathways are evolutionarily conserved across the animal kingdom. Although the primary role and general structure of the pathways in immunity have been revealed in many invertebrates, particularly arthropods, almost nothing is known about those pathways in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata, an intermediate host of the human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni, a causative agent of human schistosomiasis. Given the central role of transcription factors (TF) in controlling expression of effector genes, understanding the role of a given TF is essential to obtaining insight into the general function of the corresponding signaling pathway. To better understand the immunity of B. glabrata, we investigated five homologues of TFs that have been shown to be associated with multiple prominent immune signaling pathways based on the considerable data reported from a wide phylogenetic range of animals. In this study we identified and characterized cDNAs of five TFs from B. glabrata, designated BgRelish, BgRel, BgSTAT1, BgSTAT2 and BgCREB, for the first time. Among the five TFs, Relish is first reported in Lophotrochozoa, one of three superphyla in Metazoa. Our identification of class I (BgRelish) and II (BgRel) NF-κB in B. glabrata suggests the two pathways, Toll-like receptor (TLR) and immune deficiency (IMD)-like pathways, are present in the superphylum Lophotrochozoa. Preliminarily expression studies indicate these TF-associated pathways may be involved in the snail's anti-schistosome response. This study not only advances our understanding of the snail defenses, but also provides new perspectives about the evolution of animal immunity.
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