Responding to the emotions of others: Age differences in facial expressions and age-specific associations with relational connectedness.
Responding to the emotions of others: Age differences in facial expressions and age-specific associations with relational connectedness.
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对他人的情绪做出反应：面部表情的年龄差异以及与关系连通性的特定年龄关联。
作者：
Sandy J. Lwi;Claudia M. Haase;M. Shiota;Scott L Newton;R. Levenson
在晚年，对他人的情绪做出有利于社会的回应可能会变得越来越重要，特别是当伴侣和朋友遇到越来越多的损失、挑战和衰退时。面部表情是交流同理心和关心的重要途径，也是在需要帮助时发出帮助的信号。在一项对年轻人、中年人和老年人的研究中，我们测量了对悲伤、痛苦的电影片段和快乐、振奋的电影片段的情绪反应(面部表情、主观体验和生理激活)。结果显示，与年轻人相比，老年人在痛苦的电影片段中表现出更多的悲伤和困惑/担忧的面部表情。此外，只对老年人来说，在痛苦的电影片段中，更多的悲伤和更少的厌恶面部表情与更高水平的关系联系有关。当考虑到主观情绪体验、生理激活和对电影片段的特质共鸣时，这些发现保持稳定。当研究这段令人振奋的电影片段时，与年轻人相比，老年人在趋势水平上表现出更多的幸福面部表情。更多快乐的面部表情与更高水平的关系联系有关，但与悲伤表情的影响不同，这不会受到年龄的影响。这些发现强调了面部表情在晚年生活中的一项重要的适应性社交功能--特别是在应对他人的痛苦时。(JuncINFO数据库记录(C)2019 APA，版权所有)。
Responding prosocially to the emotion of others may become increasingly important in late life, especially as partners and friends encounter a growing number of losses, challenges, and declines. Facial expressions are important avenues for communicating empathy and concern, and for signaling that help is forthcoming when needed. In a study of young, middle-aged, and older adults, we measured emotional responses (facial expressions, subjective experience, and physiological activation) to a sad, distressing film clip and a happy, uplifting film clip. Results revealed that, relative to younger adults, older adults showed more sadness and confusion/concern facial expressions during the distressing film clip. Moreover, for older adults only, more sadness and fewer disgust facial expressions during the distressing film clip were associated with higher levels of relational connectedness. These findings remained stable when accounting for subjective emotional experience, physiological activation, and trait empathy in response to the film clip. When examining the uplifting film clip, older adults showed more happiness facial expressions relative to younger adults at trend levels. More facial expressions of happiness were associated with higher levels of relational connectedness, but unlike the effect of sadness expressions, this was not moderated by age. These findings underscore an important adaptive social function of facial expressions-particularly in response to the distress of others-in late life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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