Functional electrospray emitters.
Functional electrospray emitters.
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功能性电喷雾发射器。
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Girault
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Prudent;H. Girault
电喷雾电离(ESI)是一种用于质谱仪(MS)分析的软技术，能够在气相中引入各种分析物。简而言之，它包括在溶液中施加高压，使其通过一个小孔喷雾。因此，气相中产生的带电液滴和离子被导向对电极。在电喷雾工艺本身的基础上，通过在三个不同级别添加功能，可以进行不同的实验。第一种是利用微流控性质，将混合器、反应器或色谱元件等操作单元合并到发射器中。在这一部分还将介绍两相电喷雾电离(BESI)源。ESI的电化学性质提供了第二级功能。电化学是ESI过程所固有的，已被证明可用于不同的在线目的，如蛋白质电解或电化学诱导的化学衍生化。最后，第三层是气溶胶区，在那里形成了带电液滴的细雾。在这个区域内，不同的底物和水蒸气可以发生解吸和萃取反应。因此，将介绍解吸法和萃取式电喷雾电离(分别为DESI和EESI)，并强调这些方法所带来的优势。本综述不打算集中在电喷雾电离技术本身，而是打算介绍用于电喷雾质谱仪的功能性发射体。第一部分介绍了开发其他部分所需的基本概念。然后，回顾了在三个不同水平上可用的不同选项，以突出功能性ESI在日益增长的质谱学领域中的潜力。
Electrospray ionisation (ESI) is a soft technique used in mass spectrometry (MS) analysis able to introduce a wide variety of analytes in the gas phase. Briefly, it consists in the application of a high-voltage to a solution to spray it through a small orifice. Hence, charged droplets and ions produced in the gas phase are directed towards a counter electrode. Based on the electrospray process itself, it is possible to carry out diverse experiments by adding functions at three different levels. The first one, taking advantage of the microfluidic nature, incorporates operation units such as mixers, reactors or chromatographic elements into the emitter. In this part, biphasic electrospray ionisation (BESI) sources will also be presented. The electrochemical properties of ESI provide the second level of functionalities. Electrochemistry, being inherent to the ESI process, has proved to be useful for different on-line purposes such as protein electrolysis or electrochemical-induced chemical derivatisation. Finally, the third level is the aerosol zone where a fine mist of charged droplets is formed. In this zone, desorption and extraction reactions can happen for different substrates and vapours. Hence, desorption and extractive electrospray ionisation (DESI and EESI, respectively) will be presented with an emphasis on the advantages brought by these methods. The present review does not intend to focus on the electrospray ionisation technique in itself but rather on the introduction of functional emitters for ESI-MS. The first part covers basic concepts required for developing the other sections. Then, the different options available at the three different levels are reviewed in order to highlight the potential of functional ESI in the growing field of mass spectrometry.
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