Individual and population-level impacts of an emerging poxvirus disease in a wild population of great tits.
Individual and population-level impacts of an emerging poxvirus disease in a wild population of great tits.
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野生山雀的新兴痘病毒疾病对个人和人口水平的影响。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0048545
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sheldon BC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lachish S;Bonsall MB;Lawson B;Cunningham AA;Sheldon BC
野生动植物的新兴传染病可能会对宿主种群产生严重影响，并构成生物多样性保护的紧迫问题。 Paridae Pox是一种异常严重的抗蛋白脂蛋白感染形式，最近被确定为一种新兴的感染性疾病，尤其影响了大不列颠的丰富鸣禽，即伟大的山雀（Parus Major）。在这项研究中，我们研究了在长期监测的野生大山雀人群中侵袭和建立Paridae Pox，以（i）量化这种新型病原体对宿主健康的影响，（ii）确定其对人口持久性构成的潜在威胁。我们表明，Paridae Pox通过降低了父母成功地将年轻人抚养到独立性的能力，从而大大降低了大山雀的生殖产量。我们的结果还表明，从患病的父母到后代的病原体传播是可能的，疾病需要为受影响的小鸡的严重死亡率成本。多态标记重新接收建模的应用表明，帕里多痘可引起大幅降低宿主存活，对少年存活率尤其大的效果。使用年龄结构的人口模型，我们证明了Paridae Pox具有降低人口增长率的潜力，主要是通过对宿主存活率的负面影响。但是，在目前观察到的患病率时，疾病引起的大量人口下降似乎不太可能，尽管如果患病患者的捕获概率较低，则可能低估了痘病症的患病率。尽管如此，由于受疫苗影响的模型种群显示出较低的平均增长率，因此这种新兴的传染病有可能降低人口的韧性，以减少人口规模的其他环境因素。
Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife can have severe effects on host populations and constitute a pressing problem for biodiversity conservation. Paridae pox is an unusually severe form of avipoxvirus infection that has recently been identified as an emerging infectious disease particularly affecting an abundant songbird, the great tit (Parus major), in Great Britain. In this study, we study the invasion and establishment of Paridae pox in a long-term monitored population of wild great tits to (i) quantify the impact of this novel pathogen on host fitness and (ii) determine the potential threat it poses to population persistence. We show that Paridae pox significantly reduces the reproductive output of great tits by reducing the ability of parents to fledge young successfully and rear those young to independence. Our results also suggested that pathogen transmission from diseased parents to their offspring was possible, and that disease entails severe mortality costs for affected chicks. Application of multistate mark-recapture modelling showed that Paridae pox causes significant reductions to host survival, with particularly large effects observed for juvenile survival. Using an age-structured population model, we demonstrate that Paridae pox has the potential to reduce population growth rate, primarily through negative impacts on host survival rates. However, at currently observed prevalence, significant disease-induced population decline seems unlikely, although pox prevalence may be underestimated if capture probability of diseased individuals is low. Despite this, because pox-affected model populations exhibited lower average growth rates, this emerging infectious disease has the potential to reduce the resilience of populations to other environmental factors that reduce population size.
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影响因子：
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