Aging and brain rejuvenation as systemic events.
Aging and brain rejuvenation as systemic events.
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DOI：
10.1111/jnc.12969
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Villeda SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bouchard J;Villeda SA
传统上认为衰老的影响是不可改变的，特别是在衰老的中枢神经系统（CNS）中发生可塑性和认知能力的丧失时尤为明显。然而，越来越明显的是，外在的系统性操作，如运动、热量限制、通过异时性联体共生或年轻血浆给药改变血液成分，可以部分抵消老年大脑中与年龄相关的可塑性丧失。在这篇综述中，我们将衰老和年轻化的过程作为系统性事件进行讨论。我们总结了基因研究，这些研究表明生物体寿命具有令人惊讶的可塑性，并强调了系统操作在功能上逆转中枢神经系统衰老影响的潜力。基于越来越多的证据，我们提出系统性操作的返老还童作用部分是由血液传播的“促年轻”因素介导的。因此，促进年轻血液成分的系统操作提供了使老化大脑恢复活力的有效策略。因此，我们现在可以考虑重新激活衰老中枢神经系统中休眠的潜在可塑性，作为晚年恢复再生、突触和认知功能的一种手段，甚至对延长寿命也具有潜在影响。
The effects of aging were traditionally thought to be immutable, particularly evident in the loss of plasticity and cognitive abilities occurring in the aged central nervous system (CNS). However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that extrinsic systemic manipulations such as exercise, caloric restriction, and changing blood composition by heterochronic parabiosis or young plasma administration can partially counteract this age-related loss of plasticity in the aged brain. In this review, we discuss the process of aging and rejuvenation as systemic events. We summarize genetic studies that demonstrate a surprising level of malleability in organismal lifespan, and highlight the potential for systemic manipulations to functionally reverse the effects of aging in the CNS. Based on mounting evidence, we propose that rejuvenating effects of systemic manipulations are mediated, in part, by blood-borne ‘pro-youthful’ factors. Thus, systemic manipulations promoting a younger blood composition provide effective strategies to rejuvenate the aged brain. As a consequence, we can now consider reactivating latent plasticity dormant in the aged CNS as a means to rejuvenate regenerative, synaptic, and cognitive functions late in life, with potential implications even for extending lifespan.
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