Using future thinking to reduce temporal discounting: Under what circumstances are the medial temporal lobes critical?
Using future thinking to reduce temporal discounting: Under what circumstances are the medial temporal lobes critical?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.002
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发表时间：
2016-08
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Verfaellie M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Palombo DJ;Keane MM;Verfaellie M
设想未来的能力在认知的许多方面都扮演着重要的角色，包括我们做出最佳、适应性选择的能力。过去的研究表明，内侧颞叶（MTL）对于基于情景性未来思维的决策是必要的。相比之下，人们对MTL在利用语义未来思维的决策中所起的作用知之甚少。因此，本研究调查了MTL是否有助于一种决策形式，即跨期选择，当这种决策依赖于对未来的语义考虑时。在跨期选择任务中，参与者必须要么选择当前可用的较小金额的钱，要么选择将来可用的较大金额的钱。MTL受损的失忆症患者和健康的对照组参与者执行了这样一项任务，在做出选择之前，他们进行了语义生成练习，其中他们生成了他们将以未来奖励购买的物品。在实验1中，我们发现，相对于涉及标准跨期选择的基线条件，健康个体在进行语义未来思考后更倾向于选择较大的、较晚的奖励，而不是较小的、当前的奖励。相比之下，失忆症参与者在进行语义未来思考后，反而不太愿意等待未来奖励。这一发现表明，健忘症患者可能很难将生成的项目“标记”为属于未来的项目。关键的是，实验2表明，当生成的项目与跨期选择一起出现时，对照组和健忘症参与者都转向了更耐心的选择。这些发现表明，只要提供支架来支持准确的时间标记，就不需要MTL来做出利用语义未来思维的最佳决策。总之，这些发现有助于更好地阐明MTL在决策中的作用。
The capacity to envision the future plays an important role in many aspects of cognition, including our ability to make optimal, adaptive choices. Past work has shown that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is necessary for decisions that draw on episodic future thinking. By contrast, little is known about the role of the MTL in decisions that draw on semantic future thinking. Accordingly, the present study investigated whether the MTL contributes to one form of decision making, namely intertemporal choice, when such decisions depend on semantic consideration of the future. In an intertemporal choice task, participants must select either a smaller amount of money that is available in the present or a larger amount of money that would be available at a future date. Amnesic individuals with MTL damage and healthy control participants performed such a task in which, prior to making a choice, they engaged in a semantic generation exercise, wherein they generated items that they would purchase with the future reward. In experiment 1, we found that, relative to a baseline condition involving standard intertemporal choice, healthy individuals were more inclined to select a larger, later reward over a smaller, present reward after engaging in semantic future thinking. By contrast, amnesic participants were paradoxically less inclined to wait for a future reward following semantic future thinking. This finding suggests that amnesics may have had difficulty “tagging” the generated item(s) as belonging to the future. Critically, experiment 2 showed that when the generated items were presented alongside the intertemporal choices, both controls and amnesic participants shifted to more patient choices. These findings suggest that the MTL is not needed for making optimal decisions that draw on semantic future thinking as long as scaffolding is provided to support accurate time tagging. Together, these findings stand to better clarify the role of the MTL in decision making.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08058.x
发表时间：
2012-04
期刊：
The European journal of neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
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影响因子：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
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