Distinct parietal and temporal pathways to the homologues of Broca's area in the monkey.
Distinct parietal and temporal pathways to the homologues of Broca's area in the monkey.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1000170
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发表时间：
2009-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Pandya DN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petrides M;Pandya DN
对非人类灵长类动物大脑布罗卡区的腹外侧额叶皮质回路进行了前所未有的详细分析，阐明了允许后皮质区和前语言区之间相互作用的功能通路，为语言的进化提供了重要线索。最近在猕猴中建立了构成人类前额叶腹外侧语言区（布罗卡区）的两个不同结构区44和45的同源物。虽然我们知道顶下小叶和外侧颞叶皮质区投射到腹外侧额叶皮质，但我们不知道在这些区域中发现的几个皮质区中的哪一个投射到猕猴的布罗卡区的同源物，以及通过哪一条白色物质通路。我们已经使用放射自显影方法，其允许建立轴突起源的皮质区域（即，注射部位）、轴突在白色物质中的精确路线以及它们在特定皮质区域内的终止，以检查与区域44和区域45的两个细分的顶叶和颞叶连接（即，45A和45B）。结果表明，腹侧颞额流的纤维，起源于各种听觉，多感觉，和视觉关联皮质区的中间上外侧颞区。这些轴突经过末端囊并最强烈地靶向区域45，在区域44中具有更适度的终止。相比之下，来自顶下小叶和邻近的尾侧上级颞沟的各种皮质区的轴突的背侧流被发现靶向区域44和45。这些轴突走行于上级纵束内，其中一些轴突起源于腹侧顶下小叶和邻近的上级颞侧沟，形成简单的弓形束。顶下小叶的最吻侧部分的皮质优先与控制口面肌肉系统的腹侧运动前皮质（腹侧区6）相连。顶下小叶中间部分的皮质与44和45区相连。这些发现证明了后顶叶和颞叶连接的腹外侧额叶区，这在人脑的左半球，是适应语言生产的各个方面。这些在非语言、非人类灵长类动物大脑中发现的前体回路也存在于人类大脑中。讨论了这些区域适应人类大脑语言使用的可能原因。这些结果为布罗卡区的前语言前体电路提供了新的线索，并有助于了解布罗卡的腹外侧额叶区与后顶叶和颞叶联合区之间的功能相互作用。人类大脑额叶的两个不同的皮质区域，被称为布罗卡区，与语言产生有关。这个区域也被证明存在于非人类灵长类动物中。在这项研究中，我们使用放射自显影方法探索了猕猴Broca区域的精确神经连接，以达到人类大脑中不可能达到的细节水平。我们确定了两个主要的流的连接喂养到布罗卡区：一个腹侧流从颞区，其中包括处理听觉，多感觉，和视觉信息和背侧流起源于下顶叶小叶和相邻的上级颞沟。我们详细的连通性分析阐明了后皮质区与布罗卡区在功能上相互作用的途径，此外还有助于理解语言的进化。我们认为，布罗卡区的一个基本功能是检索信息在一个控制的战略方式从后皮质区域，并将此信息转化为行动。这一基本功能在人类大脑左半球的进化过程中得到了调整，以服务于语言。
An unprecedented detailed analysis of ventrolateral frontal cortical circuitry in Broca's area of the non-human primate brain clarifies the functional pathways permitting interaction between posterior cortical areas and the anterior language zone, providing important clues about the evolution of language. The homologues of the two distinct architectonic areas 44 and 45 that constitute the anterior language zone (Broca's region) in the human ventrolateral frontal lobe were recently established in the macaque monkey. Although we know that the inferior parietal lobule and the lateral temporal cortical region project to the ventrolateral frontal cortex, we do not know which of the several cortical areas found in those regions project to the homologues of Broca's region in the macaque monkey and by means of which white matter pathways. We have used the autoradiographic method, which permits the establishment of the cortical area from which axons originate (i.e., the site of injection), the precise course of the axons in the white matter, and their termination within particular cortical areas, to examine the parietal and temporal connections to area 44 and the two subdivisions of area 45 (i.e., areas 45A and 45B). The results demonstrated a ventral temporo-frontal stream of fibers that originate from various auditory, multisensory, and visual association cortical areas in the intermediate superolateral temporal region. These axons course via the extreme capsule and target most strongly area 45 with a more modest termination in area 44. By contrast, a dorsal stream of axons that originate from various cortical areas in the inferior parietal lobule and the adjacent caudal superior temporal sulcus was found to target both areas 44 and 45. These axons course in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, with some axons originating from the ventral inferior parietal lobule and the adjacent superior temporal sulcus arching and forming a simple arcuate fasciculus. The cortex of the most rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule is preferentially linked with the ventral premotor cortex (ventral area 6) that controls the orofacial musculature. The cortex of the intermediate part of the inferior parietal lobule is linked with both areas 44 and 45. These findings demonstrate the posterior parietal and temporal connections of the ventrolateral frontal areas, which, in the left hemisphere of the human brain, were adapted for various aspects of language production. These precursor circuits that are found in the nonlinguistic, nonhuman, primate brain also exist in the human brain. The possible reasons why these areas were adapted for language use in the human brain are discussed. The results throw new light on the prelinguistic precursor circuitry of Broca's region and help understand functional interactions between Broca's ventrolateral frontal region and posterior parietal and temporal association areas. Two distinct cortical areas in the frontal lobe of the human brain, known as Broca's region, are involved with language production. This region has also been shown to exist in nonhuman primates. In this study, we explored the precise neural connectivity of Broca's region in macaque monkeys using the autoradiographic method to achieve a level of detail impossible in the human brain. We identified two major streams of connections feeding into Broca's area: a ventral stream from the temporal region, which includes areas processing auditory, multisensory, and visual information and a dorsal stream originating from the inferior parietal lobule and the adjacent superior temporal sulcus. Our detailed connectivity analysis illuminates the pathways via which posterior cortical areas can interact functionally with Broca's region, in addition to contributing to an understanding of the evolution of language. We suggest that a fundamental function of Broca's region is to retrieve information in a controlled strategic way from posterior cortical regions and to translate this information into action. This fundamental function was adapted during evolution of the left hemisphere of the human brain to serve language.
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影响因子：
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作者：
Broadfield, DC;Holloway, RL;Márquez, S
通讯作者：
Márquez, S
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