Mutation in the vasopressin gene eliminates the sex difference in social reinforcement in adolescent rats
Mutation in the vasopressin gene eliminates the sex difference in social reinforcement in adolescent rats
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加压素基因突变消除了青春期大鼠社会强化的性别差异
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.04.004
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Paul, M.J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schatz, K.C.;Martin, C.D.;Ishiwari, K.;George, A.M.;Richards, J.B.;Paul, M.J.
精氨酸抗利尿激素（AVP）是一种神经肽，它被认为通过调节社会动机而导致规范性和病理性社会发展中的性别差异。然而，最近对AVP基因突变的Brattleboro大鼠的研究表明，AVP通过对行为状态（即觉醒）的作用，以类似的方式影响雄性和雌性的青少年社会行为。在本研究中，我们利用最近发展的操作性条件反射范式来检验由Brattleboro突变引起的慢性终身AVP缺乏是否会影响青春期社会刺激的强化值。在雄性和雌性青春期野生型（WT；正常AVP）、杂合子布拉特伯勒（HET）和纯合子布拉特伯勒（HOM）大鼠中评估了获得熟悉的同种特异性的操作反应。在社会强化试验之后，大鼠在相同的操作范式中进行测试，只是用光强化物代替了社会强化物，以确定伯氏波罗突变的影响是特定于社会刺激还是操作条件反射的一般特征。WT雄性对社会和光刺激的反应比例高于WT雌性；只有雄性表现出对这些强化物的偏好。HOM大鼠的社会强化不存在性别差异，而光强化在所有基因型中都存在性别差异。这些数据表明，青春期男性对社会和光刺激的强化特性更敏感，并且社会强化的性别差异取决于正常的AVP水平，而不是光强化。这些发现支持了AVP通过影响社会动机的因素在社会发展的性别差异中起关键作用的假设。
The neuropeptide, arginine vasopressin (AVP), is thought to contribute to sex differences in normative and pathological social development by regulating social motivation. Recent studies using Brattleboro rats that have a mutation in theAvpgene, however, have suggested that AVP impacts adolescent social behaviors of males and females in a similar manner through actions on behavioral state (i.e., arousal). In the present study, we made use of a recently developed operant conditioning paradigm to test whether the chronic, lifelong AVP deficiency caused by the Brattleboro mutation impacts the reinforcement value of social stimuli during adolescence. Operant responding for access to a familiar conspecific was assessed in male and female adolescent wild type (WT; normal AVP), heterozygous Brattleboro (HET), and homozygous Brattleboro (HOM) rats. Following the social reinforcement test, rats were tested in the same operant paradigm except that the social reinforcer was replaced with a light reinforcer to determine whether effects of the Brattleboro mutation were specific to social stimuli or a general characteristic of operant conditioning. WT males directed a greater proportion of their responding toward the social and light stimuli than WT females; only males exhibited a preference for these reinforcers over unreinforced ports. The sex difference in social reinforcement was absent in HOM rats, whereas the sex difference in light reinforcement was present in all genotypes. These data indicate that adolescent males are more sensitive to the reinforcing properties of social and light stimuli, and that the sex difference in social, but not light, reinforcement depends upon normal levels of AVP. These findings support the hypothesis that AVP plays a critical role in sex differences in social development by acting on factors that influence social motivation.
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