Market mechanisms protect the vulnerable brain.
Market mechanisms protect the vulnerable brain.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.034
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发表时间：
2011-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Denburg NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ramchandran K;Nayakankuppam D;Berg J;Tranel D;Denburg NL
市场是一种社会交换机制，旨在促进交易。然而，问题仍然是，市场是否会帮助或伤害有决策缺陷的个人，就像认知老龄化经常遇到的那样。对于预测未来在货币和社会领域的得失至关重要，大脑中的纹状体核团随着年龄的增长经历结构、神经化学和功能的衰退。我们通过在2008年美国总统选举(初选周期)的背景下使用基于市场的交易，将市场机制的有效性与老龄化人口中的背侧纹状体衰退联系起来。受损的决策者表现出更高的预测误差(他们的预测与实际结果之间的差异)。体内尾状核体积较小也与较高的预测误差有关。重要的是，基于市场的交易在更大程度上保护了尾状核体积较低的老年人免受他们自己校准不当的预测的影响。传统公众认为，市场是一个反复无常的高风险命题，脆弱的交易员肯定会被烧死，这与这种看法背道而驰，我们认为，基于市场的机制保护了具有基于大脑的决策脆弱性的个人。
Markets are mechanisms of social exchange, intended to facilitate trading. However, the question remains as to whether markets would help or hurt individuals with decision-makings deficits, as is frequently encountered in the case of cognitive aging. Essential for predicting future gains and losses in monetary and social domains, the striatal nuclei in the brain undergo structural, neurochemical, and functional decline with age. We correlated the efficacy of market mechanisms with dorsal striatal decline in an aging population, by using market based trading in the context of the 2008 U.S Presidential Elections (primary cycle). Impaired decision-makers displayed higher prediction error (difference between their prediction and actual outcome). Lower in vivo caudate volume was also associated with higher prediction error. Importantly, market-based trading protected older adults with lower caudate volume to a greater extent from their own poorly calibrated predictions. Counterintuitive to the traditional public perception of the market as a fickle, risky proposition where vulnerable traders are most surely to be burned, we suggest that market-based mechanisms protect individuals with brain-based decision-making vulnerabilities.
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