Characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and its relationship with vehicle emissions in a megacity in China
Characteristics of atmospheric ammonia and its relationship with vehicle emissions in a megacity in China
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我国特大城市大气氨氮特征及其与汽车排放的关系
DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.03.047
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Yin Zi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Ruyu;Ye Xingnan;Liu Yuxuan;Li Haowen;Yang Xin;Chen Jianmin;Guo Wei;Yin Zi
大气氨对我国东部灰霾的形成起着重要作用。在这项研究中，NH3的浓度进行了长期的测量，在城市，郊区和隧道站点在上海，在中国东部最大的城市。城市站点的月平均氨浓度在3.7 ppb到14.5 ppb之间变化，夏季最高，冬季最低，表明周边地区的生物排放和农业是重要的贡献者。秋季郊区NH3浓度显著高于市区，说明农业活动对NH3浓度有重要贡献。无论季节，隧道和城市网站之间的NH3浓度的差异几乎保持不变。平均而言，隧道的NH3水平是附近城市的三倍，表明隧道内的车辆NH3排放量很大。隧道平日的NH3水平与周末的水平相当，这一结果与每日平均交通量一致。据估算，机动车排放对上海市区大气NH3的贡献率为12.6-24.6%，对上海全市NH3的贡献率为3.8-7.5%。我们的研究结果表明，汽车NH3排放应被考虑，虽然农业排放仍然是更重要的，以减轻严重的雾霾污染在冬季在中国的特大城市。
Atmospheric ammonia plays an important role in haze formation in East China. In this study, long-term measurements of NH3concentrations were implemented at urban, suburban, and tunnel sites in Shanghai, the largest city in East China. The average monthly ammonia concentrations at the urban site varied from 3.7 ppb to 14.5 ppb and exhibited the highest levels in summer and lowest levels in winter, indicating that the biological emissions and agriculture in the surrounding areas are important contributors. The suburban NH3levels were significantly higher in autumn compared to those at the urban site, indicating the important contribution of agricultural activities. Regardless of the season, the difference of NH3concentrations between the tunnel and urban sites remained almost constant. On average, the tunnel NH3level was three times higher than that of the nearby urban site, indicating strong vehicle NH3emissions in the tunnel. The tunnel NH3levels on weekdays were comparable to those on weekends, a result that was in agreement with the daily average traffic volume. It was estimated that the vehicle emissions contributed 12.6–24.6% of the atmospheric NH3in the urban area and 3.8–7.5% for the whole area of Shanghai. Our results suggest that vehicle NH3emissions should be considered, although agricultural emissions are still more important for mitigating severe haze pollution during wintertime in the megacities of China.
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