The Number and Type of Chaperone-Usher Fimbriae Reflect Phylogenetic Clade Rather than Host Range in Salmonella.
The Number and Type of Chaperone-Usher Fimbriae Reflect Phylogenetic Clade Rather than Host Range in Salmonella.
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DOI：
10.1128/msystems.00115-22
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发表时间：
2022-06-28
期刊：
影响因子：
6.4
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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沙门氏菌是世界上最成功的食源性病原体之一，部分原因是它能够定植或感染广泛的宿主。已知沙门氏菌血清型编码多种不同的菌毛（毛发状细胞器，有助于与表面结合）；然而，沙门氏菌不同谱系中编码菌毛的分布、数量和序列多样性尚不清楚。我们查询了242个肠沙门氏菌亚种的全基因组序列（WGS）数据。与人类和农业动物分离相关的前217个血清型肠菌（肠亚种）分离物；这项工作鉴定了2,894个伴侣-引导（CU）型毛带引导序列，代表了CU毛带中最保守的成分。平均而言，分离株编码12个不同的CU毛带（每个基因组6至18个），尽管分布差异显著（P = 1.328E−08），但Typhi区段分离株的毛带数量明显少于A2分支的分离株（中位数分别为10个和12个）。对其他非肠亚种基因组中菌毛的表征表明，8个菌毛引物被归类为肠亚种分离物所特有的，这表明大多数菌毛很可能是在肠亚种分化之前获得的。可移动元件的表征表明，质粒是一种重要的载体，可以促进获得广泛的菌毛引子，特别是从其他革兰氏阴性属获得菌毛。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，编码的菌毛数量和类型的差异很可能反映了系统发育分支的差异，而不是宿主范围的差异。CU组装途径的菌毛是介导沙门氏菌与宿主组织和非生物表面相互作用的重要细胞器。我们的分析提供了沙门氏菌中CU菌毛多样性的全面概述，强调了大多数CU菌毛广泛分布于多个亚种，并表明获取最有可能发生在肠亚种分化之前。我们的数据还表明，质粒是促进沙门氏菌中不同CU菌毛水平转移的主要载体。最后，观察到的一些引簇之间的高度序列相似性表明，可能有不同的名称被分配给密切相关的缘状引簇，这些引簇可能应该由一个名称来代表。这突出表明有必要为菌毛分类和命名建立标准标准，这也将有助于今后寻求将毒力因素与对特定宿主的适应或致病可能性的差异联系起来的研究。
Salmonella is one of the most successful foodborne pathogens worldwide, owing in part to its ability to colonize or infect a wide range of hosts. Salmonella serovars are known to encode a variety of different fimbriae (hairlike organelles that facilitate binding to surfaces); however, the distribution, number, and sequence diversity of fimbriae encoded across different lineages of Salmonella were unknown. We queried whole-genome sequence (WGS) data for 242 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (subspecies enterica) isolates from the top 217 serovars associated with isolation from humans and agricultural animals; this effort identified 2,894 chaperone-usher (CU)-type fimbrial usher sequences, representing the most conserved component of CU fimbriae. On average, isolates encoded 12 different CU fimbrial ushers (6 to 18 per genome), although the distribution varied significantly (P = 1.328E−08) by phylogenetic clade, with isolates in section Typhi having significantly fewer fimbrial ushers than isolates in clade A2 (medians = 10 and 12 ushers, respectively). Characterization of fimbriae in additional non-enterica subspecies genomes suggested that 8 fimbrial ushers were classified as being unique to subspecies enterica isolates, suggesting that the majority of fimbriae were most likely acquired prior to the divergence of subspecies enterica. Characterization of mobile elements suggested that plasmids represent an important vehicle facilitating the acquisition of a wide range of fimbrial ushers, particularly for the acquisition of fimbriae from other Gram-negative genera. Overall, our results suggest that differences in the number and type of fimbriae encoded most likely reflect differences in phylogenetic clade rather than differences in host range. IMPORTANCE Fimbriae of the CU assembly pathway represent important organelles that mediate Salmonella’s interactions with host tissues and abiotic surfaces. Our analyses provide a comprehensive overview of the diversity of CU fimbriae in Salmonella spp., highlighting that the majority of CU fimbriae are distributed broadly across multiple subspecies and suggesting that acquisition most likely occurred prior to the divergence of subspecies enterica. Our data also suggest that plasmids represent the primary vehicles facilitating the horizontal transfer of diverse CU fimbriae in Salmonella. Finally, the observed high sequence similarity between some ushers suggests that different names may have been assigned to closely related fimbrial ushers that likely should be represented by a single designation. This highlights the need to establish standard criteria for fimbria classification and nomenclature, which will also facilitate future studies seeking to associate virulence factors with adaptation to or differences in the likelihood of causing disease in a given host.
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