Community disadvantage, inequalities in adolescent subjective well-being, and local social relations: The role of positive and negative social interactions.
Community disadvantage, inequalities in adolescent subjective well-being, and local social relations: The role of positive and negative social interactions.
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社区劣势、青少年主观幸福感的不平等和当地社会关系：积极和消极社会互动的作用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112442
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Laurence J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Laurence J
研究确定了青少年主观幸福感（SWB）在社区社会经济劣势水平上的不平等存在。一种假设的解释是，社区劣势通过破坏居民之间的积极社会关系（通常称为社会资本）来损害SWB。然而，社会关系可以是积极的也可以是消极的；例如，居民之间的社会互动可以是友好的或不友好的，或者包括被帮助或被伤害。很少有研究探讨社区中的消极社会关系及其对SWB的影响。因此，本研究考察了当地消极社会关系和积极社会关系在理解跨社区SWB不平等方面可能发挥的作用。数据来自2015年对英格兰16 - 17岁青少年的全国代表性调查。应用多层次模型，研究结果表明，生活在更弱势社区的青少年表现出更低的主观幸福感。根据目前的理论，这种联系的一部分可以用较弱的积极社会关系来解释：结果表明，虽然积极的当地互动对青年SWB很重要（主要是通过更高的邻居信任），但更弱势社区的年轻人报告的当地积极社会互动较少。然而，这些模型也表明，社区弱势群体与SWB之间的部分负相关关系也被更强的负面社会关系所解释：结果表明，负面的地方互动对青年SWB有害（直接或间接通过较低的邻里信任），弱势社区的年轻人报告更频繁的负面当地社会互动。重要的是，通过增加消极的社会互动而产生的消极间接影响几乎是通过减少积极的社会互动而产生的消极间接影响的两倍。综上所述，社区劣势不仅会减少积极关系，还会增加消极关系，从而损害SWB。这些形成了双重的、独立的社会关系途径，社区劣势通过这些途径影响SWB。
Studies identify the existence of inequalities in adolescent subjective well-being (SWB) across levels of community socio-economic disadvantage. One posited explanation is that community disadvantage harms SWB through undermining positive social relations among residents (often termed social capital). However, social relations can be both positive and negative; for example, social interactions between residents can be friendly or unfriendly, or involve being helped or harmed. Little work has explored negative social relations in communities and their impact on SWB. This study therefore examines the role that local negative social relations may play, alongside positive relations, in understanding inequalities in SWB across communities. Data are taken from a nationally representative survey of 16–17-year olds in England in 2015. Applying multilevel models, findings demonstrate that adolescents living in more disadvantaged communities exhibit lower SWB. In line with current theories, part of this association can be accounted for by weaker positive social relations: the results show that while positive local interactions are important for youth SWB (primarily via higher neighbour trust), young people in more disadvantaged communities report fewer local positive social interactions. However, the models also demonstrate that part of the negative association between community disadvantage and SWB is also accounted for by stronger negative social relations: the results show that negative local interactions are harmful for youth SWB (both directly, and indirectly via lower neighbour-trust), and young people in disadvantaged communities report more frequent negative local social interactions. Importantly, the negative indirect-effect of community disadvantage via increasing negative social interactions is almost twice as strong as the negative indirect-effect of disadvantage via reducing positive interactions. Taken together, community disadvantage appears to harm SWB not only by reducing positive relations but also increasing negative relations. These form dual, independent, social relations pathways through which community disadvantage affects SWB.
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