Effects of a Community-Level Intervention on Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes in California Cities: A Randomized Trial.
Effects of a Community-Level Intervention on Alcohol-Related Motor Vehicle Crashes in California Cities: A Randomized Trial.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.009
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
O'Hara SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saltz RF;Paschall MJ;O'Hara SE
这项试验评估了加州社区层面的酒精预防干预对与酒精相关的机动车撞车事故的影响。这项研究是一项以城市为条件分配单位和分析单位的团体随机对照研究。随机选择了24个人口在50,000到45,000之间的加州城市，并将其大致配对，然后随机将12个城市分配给干预和控制条件。这项干预旨在减少青少年和年轻人的过度饮酒，包括酒后驾车、设立戒酒检查站、饱和巡逻和卧底行动，以减少在酒吧为醉酒顾客提供的酒精服务，所有这些都包括高能见度，以便公众知道。创建了一个衡量总体干预强度或“剂量”的指标。结果是15-30岁司机发生的单车夜间撞车事故占所有机动车撞车事故的月度百分比。对15-30岁司机中与酒精有关的车祸的干预效果进行了多水平分析。2018年获得崩溃数据，2019年进行数据准备和分析。意向治疗分析表明，与对照组相比，15-30岁司机中与酒精有关的撞车百分比降低了17%，这意味着撞车事故减少了约310起。研究发现，剂量对这个年龄段的撞车事故有统计上的显著影响，尽管不是在预期的方向上。加强社区卫生和执法机构参与的酒精执法行动，有助于减少年轻人酒后驾车和相关后果。包括干预剂量的测量对理解社区干预的影响提出了有趣的问题。今后的研究应继续进一步制定实施战略，以便更有效和高效地减少社区与酒精有关的危害。
This trial assesses effects of a community-level alcohol prevention intervention in California on alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes. The study is a group RCT with cities as the unit of assignment to condition and as the unit of analysis. Twenty-four California cities with populations between 50,000 and 450,000 were chosen at random and roughly matched into pairs before randomly assigning 12 each to the intervention and control conditions. The intervention, aimed at reducing excessive drinking among adolescents and young adults, included driving under the influence sobriety checkpoints, saturation patrols, and undercover operations to reduce service of alcohol to intoxicated patrons in bars, all including high visibility so the public would be aware of them. A measure of overall intervention intensity or “dosage” was created. The outcome was a monthly percentage of all motor vehicle crashes that were single vehicle night-time crashes for drivers aged 15–30 years. Multilevel analyses were conducted to examine intervention effects on alcohol-related crashes among drivers aged 15–30 years. Crash data were obtained in 2018 with data preparation and analysis conducted in 2019. Intent-to-treat analyses indicated a 17% reduction in the percentage of alcohol-involved crashes among drivers aged 15–30 years relative to controls, which translates to about 310 fewer crashes. Dosage was found to have a statistically significant effect on crashes among this age group, although not in the expected direction. Enhanced alcohol enforcement operations involving both community health and law enforcement agencies can help to reduce alcohol-impaired driving and related consequences among young people. Including measures of intervention dosage raises interesting questions about the understanding of the impact of the community intervention. Future studies should continue to further develop implementation strategies that may more effectively and efficiently reduce community alcohol-related harm.
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