Subretinal electronic chips allow blind patients to read letters and combine them to words.

Subretinal electronic chips allow blind patients to read letters and combine them to words.
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DOI:
10.1098/rspb.2010.1747
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发表时间:
2011-05-22
期刊:
Proceedings. Biological sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Wilke R
Wilke R
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Zrenner E;Bartz-Schmidt KU;Benav H;Besch D;Bruckmann A;Gabel VP;Gekeler F;Greppmaier U;Harscher A;Kibbel S;Koch J;Kusnyerik A;Peters T;Stingl K;Sachs H;Stett A;Szurman P;Wilhelm B;Wilke R

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一个光敏的,外部供电的微芯片被手术植入到因遗传性视网膜营养不良而失明的志愿者的黄斑区附近的视网膜下。植入物包含1500个有源微光电二极管(“芯片”)的阵列,每个微光电二极管都有自己的放大器和局部刺激电极。在植入物的尖端,另一个由16根导线连接的电极阵列允许光独立的直接刺激和神经元电极界面的测试。视觉场景通过眼睛的透镜自然地投射到透明视网膜下的芯片上。该芯片产生38 × 40像素的相应图案,每个图案释放依赖于光强度的电刺激脉冲。随后,三个以前失明的人可以在黑暗的桌子上找到明亮的物体,其中两个人可以辨别光栅图案。其中一名患者能够正确描述和命名物体,如桌子上的叉子或刀子,几何图案,不同种类的水果,并在只有15%的对比度下辨别灰色阴影。在没有经过训练的情况下,恢复的视觉功能使他能够自由地定位和接近房间里的人,并在失明几年后将大字母作为完整的单词阅读。这些结果首次证明,具有1500个光电二极管的视网膜下微电极阵列可以在先前失明的个体中创建详细的有意义的视觉感知。
A light-sensitive, externally powered microchip was surgically implanted subretinally near the macular region of volunteers blind from hereditary retinal dystrophy. The implant contains an array of 1500 active microphotodiodes (‘chip’), each with its own amplifier and local stimulation electrode. At the implant's tip, another array of 16 wire-connected electrodes allows light-independent direct stimulation and testing of the neuron–electrode interface. Visual scenes are projected naturally through the eye's lens onto the chip under the transparent retina. The chip generates a corresponding pattern of 38 × 40 pixels, each releasing light-intensity-dependent electric stimulation pulses. Subsequently, three previously blind persons could locate bright objects on a dark table, two of whom could discern grating patterns. One of these patients was able to correctly describe and name objects like a fork or knife on a table, geometric patterns, different kinds of fruit and discern shades of grey with only 15 per cent contrast. Without a training period, the regained visual functions enabled him to localize and approach persons in a room freely and to read large letters as complete words after several years of blindness. These results demonstrate for the first time that subretinal micro-electrode arrays with 1500 photodiodes can create detailed meaningful visual perception in previously blind individuals.
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