Association of water fluoride and urinary fluoride concentrations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Canadian youth.
Association of water fluoride and urinary fluoride concentrations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Canadian youth.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2019.105190
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发表时间：
2019-12
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Till C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Riddell JK;Malin AJ;Flora D;McCague H;Till C
在美国，接触氟化物与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患病率的增加以及墨西哥儿童注意力不集中的症状有关。我们研究了居住在加拿大的青少年中氟化物暴露与注意力结果之间的关系。我们使用了从加拿大健康措施调查（第2和第3周期）中收集的6至17岁青少年的横断面数据。根据比重调整的尿氟化物浓度（UFSG）可用于1877名参与者。对980名参与者的自来水样本进行了氟化物浓度测量。通过查看每个城市网站上的报告或联系水处理厂来确定社区水氟化（CWF）状况。我们使用逻辑回归来检验氟暴露的三种测量方法与ADHD诊断之间的关系。采用线性回归检验氟暴露的三种测量方法与优势与困难问卷（SDQ）多动/注意力不集中得分之间的关系。UFSG不能显著预测ADHD诊断或多动/注意力不集中症状。自来水中氟化物含量每增加1毫克/升，ADHD诊断的几率就会增加6.1倍（95% CI = 1.60, 22.8）。年龄与自来水氟化物水平之间存在显著的交互作用（p = .03），表明自来水氟化物与大龄青年的多动/注意力不集中症状之间存在更强的关联。在第75百分位年龄（14岁）的青少年中，水中氟化物水平每增加1 mg/L， SDQ评分就会增加1.5 （95% CI: 0.23, 2.68, p = 0.02）。同样，年龄与CWF之间存在显著的相互作用。在年龄的第75百分位（14岁），生活在氟化地区的儿童的SDQ评分高出0.7点（95% CI = 0.34, 1.06, p < 0.01），与未氟化地区的青少年相比，ADHD诊断的预测几率高出2.8倍（aOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.40, 5.76, p < 0.01）。在加拿大青少年中，特别是青少年中，自来水中氟化物含量较高与多动症症状和诊断风险增加有关。需要前瞻性研究来证实这些结果。
Exposure to fluoride has been linked with increased prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the United States and symptoms of inattention in Mexican children. We examined the association between fluoride exposure and attention outcomes among youth living in Canada. We used cross-sectional data collected from youth 6 to 17 years of age from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycles 2 and 3). Urinary fluoride concentration adjusted for specific gravity (UFSG) was available for 1877 participants. Water fluoride concentration measured in tap water samples was available for 980 participants. Community water fluoridation (CWF) status was determined by viewing reports on each city’s website or contacting the water treatment plant. We used logistic regression to test the association between the three measures of fluoride exposure and ADHD diagnosis. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between the three measures of fluoride exposure and the hyperactivity/inattention score on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). UFSG did not significantly predict ADHD diagnosis or hyperactive/inattentive symptoms. A 1 mg/L increase in tap water fluoride level was associated with a 6.1 times higher odds of an ADHD diagnosis (95% CI = 1.60, 22.8). A significant interaction between age and tap water fluoride level (p = .03) indicated a stronger association between tap water fluoride and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms among older youth. A 1 mg/L increase in water fluoride level was associated with a 1.5 SDQ score increase (95% CI: 0.23, 2.68, p = .02) for youth at the 75th percentile of age (14 years old). Similarly, there was a significant interaction between age and CWF. At the 75th percentile of age (14 years old), those living in a fluoridated region had a 0.7-point higher SDQ score (95% CI = 0.34, 1.06, p < .01) and the predicted odds of an ADHD diagnosis was 2.8 times greater compared with youth in a non-fluoridated region (aOR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.40, 5.76, p < .01). Exposure to higher levels of fluoride in tap water is associated with an increased risk of ADHD symptoms and diagnosis of ADHD among Canadian youth, particularly among adolescents. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.
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影响因子：
48
作者：
Grandjean, Philippe;Landrigan, Philip J.
通讯作者：
Landrigan, Philip J.
影响因子：
26.1
作者：
Green, Rivka;Lanphear, Bruce;Till, Christine
通讯作者：
Till, Christine
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kessler, RC;Berglund, P;Walters, EE
通讯作者：
Walters, EE
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Levin, Edward D.;Bushnell, Philip J.;Rezvani, Amir H.
通讯作者：
Rezvani, Amir H.
DOI：
10.17269/cjph.108.5951
发表时间：
2017-01-01
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Barberio, Amanda M.;Quinonez, Carlos;McLaren, Lindsay
通讯作者：
McLaren, Lindsay