Perspective-taking across cultures: shared biases in Taiwanese and British adults
Perspective-taking across cultures: shared biases in Taiwanese and British adults
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跨文化视角：台湾和英国成年人的共同偏见
DOI：
10.1098/rsos.190540
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Wang J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang J
Markus 和 Kitayama 提出的颇具影响力的假设（Markus, Kitayama 1991.Psychol. Rev.98, 224）假设，来自相互依存文化的个体在人际交往中将他人置于自我之上。这导致了预测和发现，来自相互依存文化的个体比来自独立文化的个体更少以自我为中心（Wu, Barr, Gann, Keysar 2013.Front. Hum. Neurosci.7, 1–7; Wu, Keysar. 2007Psychol. Sci.18, 600–606）。然而，自我中心主义的变异只能为马库斯和北山假说提供间接证据。目前的研究通过为英国（独立）和台湾（相互依赖）参与者提供两项换位思考任务来寻求直接证据，在这些任务中可能会观察到以他人为中心的“另类”处理偏差。一项任务评估了简单透视的计算；另一个则评估在沟通中使用他人观点的情况。六十二名台湾和英国成年人在各自的学习机构用母语进行了测试。结果显示，两个文化群体之间的异己和自我中心干扰程度相似。这是第一个证据表明听众以牺牲自己的表现为代价来解释演讲者的有限观点。此外，共同的偏见表明跨文化观点采择方面存在相似之处，而不是差异。
The influential hypothesis by Markus & Kitayama (Markus, Kitayama 1991.Psychol. Rev.98, 224) postulates that individuals from interdependent cultures place others above self in interpersonal contexts. This led to the prediction and finding that individuals from interdependent cultures are less egocentric than those from independent cultures (Wu, Barr, Gann, Keysar 2013.Front. Hum. Neurosci.7, 1–7; Wu, Keysar. 2007Psychol. Sci.18, 600–606). However, variation in egocentrism can only provide indirect evidence for the Markus and Kitayama hypothesis. The current study sought direct evidence by giving British (independent) and Taiwanese (interdependent) participants two perspective-taking tasks on which an other-focused ‘altercentric’ processing bias might be observed. One task assessed the calculation of simple perspectives; the other assessed the use of others' perspectives in communication. Sixty-two Taiwanese and British adults were tested in their native languages at their home institutions of study. Results revealed similar degrees of both altercentric and egocentric interference between the two cultural groups. This is the first evidence that listeners account for a speaker's limited perspective at the cost of their own performance. Furthermore, the shared biases point towards similarities rather than differences in perspective-taking across cultures.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015-10
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
通讯作者：
Douglas M. Bates;M. Maechler;Ben Bolker;Steven C. Walker
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Barr, Dale J.;Levy, Roger;Scheepers, Christoph;Tily, Harry J.
通讯作者：
Tily, Harry J.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Epley, N;Keysar, B;Gilovich, T
通讯作者：
Gilovich, T
DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000345
发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Cane, James E.;Ferguson, Heather J.;Apperly, Ian A.
通讯作者：
Apperly, Ian A.
DOI：
10.3390/vision1010008
发表时间：
2017-01-03
期刊：
Vision (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bukowski, Henryk;Samson, Dana
通讯作者：
Samson, Dana