Fin whale sound reception mechanisms: skull vibration enables low-frequency hearing.
Fin whale sound reception mechanisms: skull vibration enables low-frequency hearing.
复制标题
鳍鲸声接收机制：颅骨振动可实现低频听力。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0116222
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Krysl P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cranford TW;Krysl P
须鲸(Mystieti)的听力机制基本上是未知的，但它们的发声频率与人类声源重叠。将有限元建模工具应用于X射线计算机体层摄影(CT)扫描，生成了长须鲸的合成听力图。我们在一台为固体燃料火箭发动机设计的扫描仪上对一头小型长须鲸(Balaenoptera Physalus)的头部进行了CT扫描。我们的计算机(有限元)建模工具包使我们能够可视化当声音与鲸鱼头部的解剖几何形状相互作用时会发生什么。模拟揭示了两种刺激骨耳复合体的机制，(1)头骨振动使能的骨传导机制和(2)通过软组织传递的压力机制。骨传导是其主要机制。骨耳复合体的质量密度及其牢固嵌入头骨的附着物在密斯提岛是普遍存在的，这表明所有须鲸的声音接收机制都是相似的。入射声波和头骨之间的相互作用会导致变形，从而在每个骨耳复合体中诱导运动，从而对低频声音产生最佳的听力敏感度。这种主要的低频敏感性对评估神秘的人类声音暴露水平具有重要意义。在过去的半个世纪里，人为海洋噪音的噪音稳步增加。我们的研究结果为美国监管机构和关心海洋环境的大型工业用户提供了有价值的数据。这项研究改变了我们对须鲸听力的理解，并提供了一种在广泛的声音频率范围内预测听觉敏感度的方法。
Hearing mechanisms in baleen whales (Mysticeti) are essentially unknown but their vocalization frequencies overlap with anthropogenic sound sources. Synthetic audiograms were generated for a fin whale by applying finite element modeling tools to X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans. We CT scanned the head of a small fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) in a scanner designed for solid-fuel rocket motors. Our computer (finite element) modeling toolkit allowed us to visualize what occurs when sounds interact with the anatomic geometry of the whale’s head. Simulations reveal two mechanisms that excite both bony ear complexes, (1) the skull-vibration enabled bone conduction mechanism and (2) a pressure mechanism transmitted through soft tissues. Bone conduction is the predominant mechanism. The mass density of the bony ear complexes and their firmly embedded attachments to the skull are universal across the Mysticeti, suggesting that sound reception mechanisms are similar in all baleen whales. Interactions between incident sound waves and the skull cause deformations that induce motion in each bony ear complex, resulting in best hearing sensitivity for low-frequency sounds. This predominant low-frequency sensitivity has significant implications for assessing mysticete exposure levels to anthropogenic sounds. The din of man-made ocean noise has increased steadily over the past half century. Our results provide valuable data for U.S. regulatory agencies and concerned large-scale industrial users of the ocean environment. This study transforms our understanding of baleen whale hearing and provides a means to predict auditory sensitivity across a broad spectrum of sound frequencies.
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DOI：
10.3109/00016485009118384
发表时间：
1950-01-01
期刊：
ACTA OTO LARYNGOL
影响因子：
--
作者：
DeVRIES, H.
通讯作者：
DeVRIES, H.
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Croll, DA;Clark, CW;Tershy, BR
通讯作者：
Tershy, BR
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Hildebrand, John A.
通讯作者：
Hildebrand, John A.
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Castellote, Manuel;Clark, Christopher W.;Lammers, Marc O.
通讯作者：
Lammers, Marc O.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
JOHNSON, CS
通讯作者：
JOHNSON, CS