Mating type locus of Chinese black truffles reveals heterothallism and the presence of cryptic species within the T. indicum species complex.
Mating type locus of Chinese black truffles reveals heterothallism and the presence of cryptic species within the T. indicum species complex.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0082353
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rubini A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Belfiori B;Riccioni C;Paolocci F;Rubini A
块茎是与树木和灌木物种的根建立共生关系的丝状子囊菌。由于这种共生关系，它们产生了被称为松露的子实体。丝状子囊菌可以通过同宗配合或异宗配合进行繁殖，这取决于其交配型位点的结构和组织。块菌物种中的第一交配型位点最近已被鉴定为黑孢块菌，并且已表明这种欧洲特有的真菌是异宗配合的。序列信息的可用性T.黑孢霉交配型基因的克隆对于从其他块茎物种中克隆其直向同源物和评估其繁殖模式具有重要意义。在这里，我们报告的组织交配型区域在T。indicum是分布于亚洲的黑松露种，与T.黑孢霉属，其特征在于高水平的形态和遗传变异性。本研究表明，T. indicum也是异宗配合的。根据内转录间隔区rDNA序列多态性对不同遗传类别的亚洲黑松露进行了研究，发现交配型基因座编码区和非编码区的序列变异和重排，表明T. indicum复合体转座因子在交配型区域内的存在或与交配型区域相连表明这些因子在产生T. indicum strains.总的来说，交配型位点的比较分析使我们能够解决黑松露的分类和系统发育问题，并对黑松露的进化做出推断。黑孢霉T. indicum谱系。我们的结果不仅是基本的，但也有实际意义的T。indicum生产可食用的子实体，也进口到欧洲，因此可能代表T.黑孢菌
Tuber spp. are filamentous ascomycetes which establish symbiosis with the roots of trees and shrub species. By virtue of this symbiosis they produce hypogeous ascocarps, known as truffles. Filamentous ascomycetes can reproduce by homothallism or heterothallism depending on the structure and organization of their mating type locus. The first mating type locus in a truffle species has been recently characterized in Tuber melanosporum and it has been shown that this fungus, endemic in Europe, is heterothallic. The availability of sequence information for T. melanosporum mating type genes is seminal to cloning their orthologs from other Tuber species and assessing their reproductive mode. Here we report on the organization of the mating type region in T. indicum, the black truffle species present in Asia, which is the closest relative to T. melanosporum and is characterized by an high level of morphological and genetic variability. The present study shows that T. indicum is also heterothallic. Examination of Asiatic black truffles belonging to different genetic classes, sorted according to the sequence polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region, has revealed sequence variations and rearrangements in both coding and non-coding regions of the mating type locus, to suggest the existence of cryptic species within the T. indicum complex. The presence of transposable elements within or linked to the mating type region suggests a role of these elements in generating the genotypic diversity present among T. indicum strains. Overall, comparative analyses of the mating type locus have thus allowed us to tackle taxonomical and phylogenetic issues within black truffles and make inferences about the evolution of T. melanosporum-T. indicum lineage. Our results are not only of fundamental but also of applied relevance as T. indicum produces edible fruit bodies that are imported also into Europe and thus may represent a biological threat for T. melanosporum.
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影响因子：
10.7
作者：
Gioti, Anastasia;Mushegian, Alexandra A.;Johannesson, Hanna
通讯作者：
Johannesson, Hanna
影响因子：
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作者：
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