Evolution and Maintenance of Mutualism between Tubeworms and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria

Evolution and Maintenance of Mutualism between Tubeworms and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacteria
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管虫与硫氧化菌共生关系的进化与维持

DOI:
10.1086/712780
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
The American Naturalist
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Sasaki Akira
Sasaki Akira
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sato Masato;Sasaki Akira

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管虫和硫氧化细菌的共生关系是深海化学合成生态系统的重要组成部分,它有几个令人费解的特征。在从环境中获得硫氧化细菌后,管虫完全依赖于它们的共生细菌来摄取营养。一旦被管虫幼虫摄入,就不会有其他的共生体从环境中加入,也不会有共生体被释放,直到宿主管虫死亡。尽管获得共生体的时间很短,但一些管虫物种可以活100到200年。这种限制释放的共生体可能导致环境中共生细菌的短缺,而没有这些共生细菌,管虫就无法生存。在我们的研究中,我们使用管虫-共生细菌系统的数学模型来研究这种共生关系能够持续存在的条件,以及宿主死亡率是否向低值发展。我们的模型显示,只有当宿主死亡率在一个中间范围内时,共生关系才能持续存在。当多个共生体在同一宿主内共存时,当共生体在宿主内的竞争较弱且生长缓慢时,宿主的死亡率会向低的方向发展,而不会导致宿主或共生体的灭绝。我们还发现了导致管虫和共生体种群的宿主死亡率无限进化升级(进化双重自杀)的参数条件。本文讨论了专性互惠系统中这种进化脆弱性的普遍性以及宿主-寄生虫系统中相对的进化稳健性。
Tubeworms and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria mutualism, an essential part of the chemosynthetic ecosystem in the deep sea, has several puzzling features. After acquiring sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from the environment, tubeworms become fully dependent on their symbiont bacteria for nutrient intake. Once ingested by the tubeworm larva, no additional symbionts join from the environment, and no symbionts are released until the host tubeworm dies. Despite this very narrow window to acquire symbionts, some tubeworm species can live for >200 years. Such a restricted release of symbionts could lead to a shortage of symbiont bacteria in the environment without which tubeworms could not survive. In our study, we examine the conditions under which this mutualism can persist and whether the host mortality rate evolves toward a low value using a mathematical model for the tubeworm–symbiont bacteria system. Our model reveals that mutualism can persist only when the host mortality rate is within an intermediate range. With cohabitation of multiple symbionts strains in the same host, host mortality rate evolves toward a low value without driving either host or symbiont to extinction when competition among symbionts is weak and their growth within a host is slow. We also find the parameter conditions that lead to unlimited evolutionary escalation of host mortality rate toward coextinction of both tubeworms and symbionts populations (evolutionary double suicide). The generality of this evolutionary fragility in obligate mutualistic systems as well as the contrasting evolutionary robustness in host-parasite systems are discussed.
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影响因子: 1.2
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