Yersinia pestis genome sequencing identifies patterns of global phylogenetic diversity.
Yersinia pestis genome sequencing identifies patterns of global phylogenetic diversity.
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大流行性传染病自人类起源以来就伴随着人类，并塑造了文明的形式。在这些事件中，鼠疫可能是历史上最具戏剧性的。我们通过全球286株鼠疫耶尔森氏菌分离株中17个完整基因组序列和933个单核苷酸多态(SNPs)的序列变异重建了鼠疫传播的历史模式。鼠疫耶尔森氏菌在中国境内或附近进化，并通过多种途径传播，可能包括通过丝绸之路传播到西亚和通过中国海上航行传播到非洲。1894年，鼠疫耶尔森氏菌传播到印度，并辐射到全球不同地区，导致了可以通过特定谱系的SNP追踪到的特定国家的谱系。来自美国的所有626个当前分离株都反映了一种辐射，来自马达加斯加的82种分离株代表第二种辐射。鼠疫耶尔森菌随后的局部微进化以顺序的、地理上特定的SNP为标志。
Pandemic infectious diseases have accompanied humans since their origins, and have shaped the form of civilizations. Of these, plague is possibly historically the most dramatic. We reconstructed historical patterns of plague transmission through sequence variation in 17 complete genome sequences and 933 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within a global collection of 286 Yersinia pestis isolates. Y. pestis evolved in or near China, and has been transmitted via multiple epidemics that followed various routes, probably including transmissions to West Asia via the Silk Road and to Africa by Chinese marine voyages. In 1894, Y. pestis spread to India and radiated to diverse parts of the globe, leading to country-specific lineages that can be traced by lineage-specific SNPs. All 626 current isolates from the U.S.A. reflect one radiation and 82 isolates from Madagascar represent a second. Subsequent local microevolution of Y. pestis is marked by sequential, geographically-specific SNPs.
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