Diversity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: circuits and functions.

Diversity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: circuits and functions.
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视网膜内光敏神经节细胞的多样性:电路和功能。

DOI:
10.1007/s00018-020-03641-5
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Schmidt TM
Schmidt TM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Aranda ML;Schmidt TM

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表达黑视素的固有光敏视网膜神经节细胞(ipRGC)是相对最近发现的一类非典型神经节细胞光感受器。这些ipRGC是形态学和生理学上异质的群体,其广泛地投射在整个大脑中,并介导广泛的视觉功能,范围从我们的昼夜节律的光诱导,到驱动瞳孔光反射以改善视觉功能,到调节我们的情绪,警觉性,学习,睡眠/觉醒,体温调节,甚至我们的视觉感知。作为ipRGC的独特分子特征的黑视素的存在允许开发大量的分子和遗传工具来研究ipRGC回路。鉴于该系统的复杂性,本文将概述用于研究ipRGC的遗传工具和方法,这些工具如何用于剖析它们在小鼠各种视觉回路和行为中的作用,并确定未来研究的重要方向。
The melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are a relatively recently discovered class of atypical ganglion cell photoreceptor. These ipRGCs are a morphologically and physiologically heterogeneous population that project widely throughout the brain and mediate a wide array of visual functions ranging from photoentrainment of our circadian rhythms, to driving the pupillary light reflex to improve visual function, to modulating our mood, alertness, learning, sleep / wakefulness, regulation of body temperature, and even our visual perception. The presence of melanopsin as a unique molecular signature of ipRGCs has allowed for the development of a vast array of molecular and genetic tools to study ipRGC circuits. Given the emerging complexity of this system, this review will provide an overview of the genetic tools and methods used to study ipRGCs, how these tools have been used to dissect their role in a variety of visual circuits and behaviors in mice, and identify important directions for future study.
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