Sexual dimorphism in ritualized agonistic behaviour, fighting ability and contest costs of Sus scrofa.
Sexual dimorphism in ritualized agonistic behaviour, fighting ability and contest costs of Sus scrofa.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12983-022-00458-9
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发表时间：
2022-03-12
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Turner SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camerlink I;Farish M;Arnott G;Turner SP
性选择导致许多物种的竞争行为出现性别二态性。驯化和圈养从根本上改变了争斗行为，但尚不清楚祖先的性别差异是否仍然存在。我们的目的是评估性别对竞争行为、战斗能力和比赛成本的影响。我们在家猪（Sus scrofa）中对此进行了研究，其中攻击行为会损害福利，并且攻击行为中的性别二态性尚未得到明确证实。研究人员在不同年龄段的居民-入侵者测试和二元竞赛中研究了 827 头雄性和雌性幼猪的行为和生理机能，同时考虑了对手之间的相对体重差异。即使在体重上处于很大劣势的情况下，男性在与女性的比赛中也有 79% 的获胜率。性别的影响随着年龄的增长而增加，13 周大时，男性获胜的可能性是女性的 138 倍。在二元竞争中，雄性在非破坏性的竞争性展示行为上投入了更多的时间，并且在升级为破坏性的攻击行为之前花费了更长的时间。雄性表现出仪式化的展示，包括口吐白沫和颈毛竖立，而雌性几乎总是没有这种表现。在比赛持续时间、血乳酸和皮肤损伤方面，男性的比赛成本更高，尤其是在与另一名男性战斗时。竞争行为、战斗能力和竞争成本方面存在显着的性别差异，并且随着动物年龄的增长而变得更加明显。雄性在升级为代价高昂的战斗之前会在仪式化的展示上投入更多，而雌性则更早发起攻击，但也更快地以更少的成本结束比赛。幼年家猪竞争行为的性别二态性与雌性母性防御和雄性对雌性的竞争的进化相关性一致。
Sexual selection has driven sexual dimorphism in agonistic behaviour in many species. Agonistic behaviour is fundamentally altered by domestication and captivity, but it is unclear whether ancestral sex differences remain. We aimed to evaluate the effect of sex on agonistic behaviour, fighting ability and contest costs. We studied this in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) where aggression compromises welfare, and sexual dimorphism in aggression has been inconclusively demonstrated. Behaviour and physiology of 827 male and female juvenile pigs were studied during resident-intruder tests and dyadic contests at various ages, while accounting for the relative body weight difference between the opponents. Males won in 79% of contests against females, even when at a large weight disadvantage. The effect of sex increased with age, with males having a 138 times higher likelihood of winning than females when 13 weeks old. In dyadic contests, males invested more time in non-damaging agonistic display behaviour and took longer before escalating into damaging aggression. Males showed ritualized display that included foaming from the mouth and piloerection of the neck hair, which was nearly always absent in females. Contest costs in terms of contest duration, blood lactate and skin lesions where higher for males, especially when fighting another male. Profound sex differences were present for agonistic behaviour, fighting ability and contest costs, and became more pronounced as animals got older. Males invested more in ritualized display before escalating into costly fights, whereas females attacked sooner but also terminated contests more rapidly and with fewer costs. The sexual dimorphism in agonistic behaviour in juvenile domestic pigs is in line with the evolutionary relevance for females’ maternal defence and males’ competition for females.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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