Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons.
Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature07418
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发表时间：
2008-12-04
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Fetz, Eberhard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moritz, Chet T.;Perlmutter, Steve I.;Fetz, Eberhard E.
脊髓损伤引起的瘫痪的一种潜在治疗方法是通过人工连接从损伤周围的大脑传递控制信号。这样的信号可以控制肌肉的电刺激，从而恢复瘫痪肢体的意志运动。在之前的单独实验中，与实际或想象的运动相关的运动皮质神经元的活动被用来控制计算机光标和机械臂，瘫痪的肌肉被功能性电刺激(FES)激活。在这里，我们展示了猴子可以通过运动皮质神经元的活动直接控制肌肉的刺激，从而恢复短暂瘫痪手臂的目标定向运动。此外，神经元可以同样很好地控制功能刺激，而不考虑之前与运动的任何联系，这一发现极大地扩大了脑机接口控制信号的来源。猴子学会了利用这些从皮质细胞到肌肉的人工连接来产生双向手腕扭矩，并同时控制了多个神经元-肌肉对。这种从皮质活动到肌肉刺激的直接转换可以通过自主电子线路实现，创造出一种相对自然的神经假体。这些结果首次证明，皮质细胞和肌肉之间的直接人工连接可以弥补中断的生理通路，并恢复对瘫痪肢体的运动的意志控制。
A potential treatment for paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury is to route control signals from the brain around the injury via artificial connections. Such signals could then control electrical stimulation of muscles, thereby restoring volitional movement to paralyzed limbs. In previously separate experiments, activity of motor cortex neurons related to actual or imagined movements has been used to control computer cursors and robotic arms, and paralyzed muscles have been activated by functional electrical stimulation (FES). Here we show that monkeys can directly control stimulation of muscles using the activity of neurons in motor cortex, thereby restoring goal-directed movements to a transiently paralyzed arm. Moreover, neurons could control functional stimulation equally well regardless of any prior association to movement, a finding that significantly expands the source of control signals for brain-machine interfaces. Monkeys learned to utilize these artificial connections from cortical cells to muscles to generate bidirectional wrist torques, and controlled multiple neuron-muscle pairs simultaneously. Such direct transforms from cortical activity to muscle stimulation could be implemented by autonomous electronic circuitry, creating a relatively natural neuroprosthesis. These results are the first demonstration that direct artificial connections between cortical cells and muscles can compensate for interrupted physiological pathways and restore volitional control of movement to paralyzed limbs.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
BRINKMAN, C;PORTER, R;NORMAN, J
通讯作者：
NORMAN, J
DOI：
10.1109/tnsre.2006.875547
发表时间：
2006-06-01
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Jackson, Andrew;Moritz, Chet T.;Fetz, Eberhard E.
通讯作者：
Fetz, Eberhard E.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
NANNINI, N;HORCH, K
通讯作者：
HORCH, K
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Jackson, Andrew;Fetz, Eberhard E.
通讯作者：
Fetz, Eberhard E.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
FETZ, EE;BAKER, MA
通讯作者：
BAKER, MA