In vivo tracing of pathways and spatio-temporal activity patterns in rat visual cortex using voltage sensitive dyes
In vivo tracing of pathways and spatio-temporal activity patterns in rat visual cortex using voltage sensitive dyes
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使用电压敏感染料对大鼠视觉皮层的通路和时空活动模式进行体内追踪
DOI：
10.1007/bf00230197
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
D. C. Essen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Orbach;D. C. Essen
我们监测了用电压敏感染料染色的皮层的光信号，以研究皮层内电刺激引起的活动。目标是研究刺激电极附近内在连接的活动的空间和时间传播，并开发一种新技术来研究从纹状皮层到纹状外目标区域的外在投射。对光信号的时间过程进行了各种测量（延迟、上升时间、衰减时间、时间求和、促进与抑制、以及是否存在缓慢下冲）；一般来说，这些测量结果在不同的响应位置、不同的实验、甚至同一实验中的不同运行中存在显着差异。纹状皮层刺激电极附近反应的空间分布通常是椭圆形的，并且最常沿着前后轴拉长，典型尺寸（最大全宽为 75%）为 1.3 毫米（前后轴）× 0.75 毫米（中侧轴）。在某些情况下，观察到复杂的时空模式，其中最大光信号的位置随时间移动或分裂成多个峰值。在八项实验中，在外侧区域 (LM) 内的预期位置的纹外皮层中发现了反应焦点。 LM 中的反应焦点通常约为纹状皮层反应焦点的一半大小。在一些实验中，我们观察到前外侧视觉区域（AL）的额外焦点反应。相对于纹状体反应，纹状体外反应的起始时间和达到峰值的时间显着延迟（3-10 毫秒）。在两种类型的实验中测试了这种确定外在预测的技术的有效性。首先，纹状皮层中两个电极的刺激产生了与 LM 区域已知的地形组织一致的反应焦点。在第二个例子中，光学测量的反应焦点与注射在刺激部位附近的化学示踪剂的组织学重建投影相关。我们讨论了局部电刺激期间和之后发生的神经生理学事件链以及它们与观察到的光信号的关系。我们得出的结论是，直接被动反应是我们信号的一小部分，直接刺激神经元中动作电位产生的分量应该发生在刺激后的前 1-2 毫秒内，并且与峰值信号相比很小，并且总体而言，我们的信号可能由异步发生的动作电位以及兴奋性和抑制性突触电位的组合主导。这些结果以及能够在单个实验中追踪许多连接的前景表明，光学记录和焦点电刺激的结合为分析皮层电路的结构和生理方面提供了有价值的手段。
We monitored optical signals from cortex stained with a voltage sensitive dye to study activity evoked by intracortical electrical stimulation. The objectives were to study the spatial and temporal spread of activity from intrinsic connections near the stimulating electrode and to develop a new technique to study extrinsic projections from striate cortex to extrastriate target areas. Various measures were made of the time course of the optical signal (latency, rise time, decay time, temporal summation, facilitation versus depression, and presence or absence of a slow undershoot); in general, these measures were found to vary significantly across different response positions, different experiments, and even different runs within the same experiment. The spatial distribution of responses near the stimulating electrode in striate cortex was usually elliptical and was most often elongated along the anterior-posterior axis, with a typical size (full width at 75% max) of 1.3 mm (anterior-posterior axis) by 0.75 mm (medio-lateral axis). In some cases, complex spatio-temporal patterns were observed, in which the position of the maximum optical signal shifted with time or split into multiple peaks. In eight experiments, a response focus was found in extrastriate cortex at an expected location within the lateromedial area (LM). The response focus in LM was typically about half the size of that in striate cortex. In some experiments we observed additional focal responses in the anterolateral visual area (AL). The extrastriate responses showed a significant delay (3–10 ms) in onset and time to peak relative to the striate response. The validity of this technique for determining extrinsic projections was tested in two types of experiments. In the first, stimulation from two electrodes in striate cortex generated response foci consistent with the known topographic organization of area LM. In the second, the optically measured response focus was shown to correlate with the histologically reconstructed projection of a chemical tracer injected near the site of stimulation. We discuss the chain of neurophysiological events that occur during and after focal electrical stimulation and how they relate to the observed optical signal. We conclude that direct passive responses were a small component of our signal, that the component due to action potentials in directly stimulated neurons should have occurred in the first 1–2 ms post stimulus and is small compared to the peak signal, and that overall our signals were probably dominated by a combination of asynchronously occurring action potentials and excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. These results, together with the prospect of being able to trace many connections in a single experiment, indicate that the combination of optical recording and focal electrical stimulation provides a valuable means for analyzing structural and physiological aspects of cortical circuitry.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
MCCORMICK, DA;CONNORS, BW;PRINCE, DA
通讯作者：
PRINCE, DA
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Felleman, Daniel J.;Van Essen, David C.
通讯作者：
Van Essen, David C.
猴子纹状皮层神经元活动的可视化。
影响因子：
18.2
作者：
Blasdel,GG
通讯作者：
Blasdel,GG
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
TSO, DY;FROSTIG, RD;GRINVALD, A
通讯作者：
GRINVALD, A