Qualitative and quantitative ultrashort-TE MRI of cortical bone.
Qualitative and quantitative ultrashort-TE MRI of cortical bone.
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DOI：
10.1002/nbm.2906
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发表时间：
2013-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bydder, Graeme M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Du, Jiang;Bydder, Graeme M.
骨质疏松症每年导致超过150万例骨折，在美国每年造成约150亿美元的损失。目前的指南使用骨矿物质密度（BMD）来评估骨折风险；然而，骨密度仅占骨折的30-50%。骨的其他两种主要成分，有机基质和水，对骨的力学性能有重要贡献，但不能用传统的成像技术进行评估，尽管它们占皮质骨体积的57%。常规的临床MRI通常不难检测到组织中水的信号，但不能检测到与有机基质结合的水，也不能检测到皮质骨的Haversian和腔隙-管系统微观孔隙中的游离水，因为它们的表观横向弛豫时间（T2*）非常短。近年来，一类标称te值小于100 μs的超短te序列（ultra - short- te， UTE）受到了越来越多的关注。这些序列可以检测皮质骨内的水信号，并为研究这种组织的疾病提供了一种新的方法。本文综述了体外和体内皮质骨定性UTE成像（生成高对比度骨图像的技术和对比机制）和定量UTE成像（量化mri特性的技术，包括T1、T2*和磁化传递比，以及组织特性，包括骨灌注，以及总水、结合水和游离水含量）的最新进展。讨论了当前技术在临床应用中的局限性和未来的发展方向。
Osteoporosis causes over 1.5 million fractures per year, costing about $15 billion annually in the USA. Current guidelines utilize bone mineral density (BMD) to assess fracture risk; however, BMD alone only accounts for 30–50% of fractures. The other two major components of bone, organic matrix and water, contribute significantly to bone mechanical properties, but cannot be assessed with conventional imaging techniques in spite of the fact that they make up about 57% of cortical bone by volume. Conventional clinical MRI usually detects signals from water in tissues without difficulty, but cannot detect the water bound to the organic matrix, or the free water in the microscopic pores of the Haversian and the lacunar-canalicular system of cortical bone, because of their very short apparent transverse relaxation times (T2*). In recent years, a new class of sequences, ultrashort-TE (UTE) sequences, with nominal TEs of less than 100 μs, which are much shorter than the TEs available with conventional sequences, have received increasing interest. These sequences can detect water signals from within cortical bone and provide an opportunity to study disease of this tissue in a new way. This review summarizes the recent developments in qualitative UTE imaging (techniques and contrast mechanisms to produce bone images with high contrast) and quantitative UTE imaging (techniques to quantify the MR properties, including T1, T2* and the magnetization transfer ratio, and tissue properties, including bone perfusion, as well as total, bound and free water content) of cortical bone in vitro and in vivo. The limitations of the current techniques for clinical applications and future directions are also discussed.
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影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Biswas, Reni;Bae, Won;Diaz, Eric;Masuda, Koichi;Chung, Christine B.;Bydder, Graeme M.;Du, Jiang
通讯作者：
Du, Jiang
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
CONOLLY, S;NISHIMURA, D;GLOVER, G
通讯作者：
GLOVER, G
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Diaz, Eric;Chung, Christine B.;Du, Jiang
通讯作者：
Du, Jiang
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Du, Jiang;Diaz, Eric;Bydder, Graeme M.
通讯作者：
Bydder, Graeme M.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Carl, Michael;Bydder, Mark;Han, Eric
通讯作者：
Han, Eric